اثر کارایی مدیریتی در کاهش هزینه ها بعد از ادغام بانک ها در ایران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
ه در همه کشورها بانک ها از طریق اعطای تسهیلات و پذیرش سپرده ها و ... می توانند نقش مهمی را در اقتصاد ایفا کنند، لذا همواره کارایی بانک ها یکی از مهم ترین موضوعاتی است که توجه زیادی را به خود مبذول داشته است. در بعضی موارد، ادغام ها رایج ترین روش افزایش کارایی نهادهای مالی هستند همچنین یکی از روش های بازسازی ساختار های بانکی و نهاد های مالی نیز به شمار می روند. هدف این مقاله، بررسی تأثیر کارایی مدیریتی (کارایی x)، در کاهش هزینه ها بعد از ادغام بانکی در ایران است. تحقیقات نشان می دهند که وجود صرفه های مقیاس و کارایی مدیریتی از مهم ترین دلایل کاهش هزینه ها بعد از ادغام است. همچنین کارایی مدیریتی بر صرفه های مقیاس و کارایی شعب برتری دارد. در این تحقیق دو بانک ملت و تجارت را که در بین بانک های ایرانی بیشترین دارایی را داشتند، انتخاب و ادغام بین این دو شبیه سازی شد. برای بررسی وجود کارایی در ادغام ها از داده های ترازنامه بانک هایی که به صورت فرضی ادغام شدند، در دوره 1382-1393 استفاده شده است؛ و با استفاده از تابع هزینه ترنسلوگ و روش sur، تأثیر کارایی مدیریتی و حذف شعب در کاهش هزینه های بانک ها یی که به صورت فرضی ادغام شدند بررسی و مقایسه ای بین تغییر هزینه ها از طریق کارایی مدیریتی و حذف شعب انجام شد. نتایج برآورد مدل، نشان می دهد که ادغام فرضی بین این دو بانک ، به دلیل وجود کارایی مدیریتی باعث کاهش هزینه می شوند اما حذف شعب نمی تواند باعث کاهش هزینه بانک ادغامی گردد. به عبارتی ادغام این دو بانک، می تواند از طریق انتقال کارایی مدیریتی سبب کاهش هزینه های بانک ادغامی شود.The impact of x-efficiency in cost reduction in thepost mergerof banks in Iran
In all countries, banks have been played a major role in financing and providing financial services in the economy by granting loans and accepting deposits. Therefore the bank’s efficiency is One of the most important issues in an economy that has to paid much attention. In some cases, mergers are common methods to increase the efficiency financial institutions and it is one of the ways of restructuring banking and financial institutions as well .
The purpose of this paper is to study of impact of x-efficiency in cost reduction in the post merger of banks in Iran. Studies show that economies of scale and x -efficiency are the main reasons for reducing the costs of mergers. The studies show that variations in X-efficiency dominate scale, product mix, and branching efficiencies.
In this paper Melat Bank and Tejarat Bank with the most assets in between Iranian bank was selected and mergers was simulated.
We estimate a translog cost function across the sample, then use this function to simulate mergers between pairs of banks by comparing the sum of predicted costs for a given pair of banks with the predicted cost of the merged entity. it is assumed that the hypothetical merged bank is simply the aggregation of the two individual banks thus the total asset and loans are consolidated where input prices are taken as the mean of the input prices for the two individual banks.
The x-effeciency is estimated in hypothetical mergers by using balance sheet data banks that were merged hypothetically in the periods 1382-1393and by using the Translog cost function and SUR metod, the impact of x-efficiency and omitting branches were studied on reducing costs in banks that were merged hypothetically and was compared changing costs through x -efficiency and omitting branches.
Data included: three outputs and three inputs .the output contains a variety of loans to commercial and industrial and other loans, such as loans granted to agriculture, export and services sector and investments , inputs included the price of physical capital and interest paid on deposits , price of labor and average assets.
we assumed that the degree of X-inefficiency of the merged banks would equal the asset –weighted mean degree of X-inefficiency of the unmerged banks and the mean residual of the two banks was added to the predicted cost of the combination, and this sum was compared with the sum of actual costs (predicted plus residual) of the two unmerged banks.
To distinguish the relative impact of branching, and X-efficiency,these simulations were run under alternative assumptions about the number of branches closed following a merger therefore was omitted ,zero, 10,20 ,50 and 100% of the smaller bank’s branches.
The simulation technique provides a forward-looking picture of what the market could reasonably believe about the potential cost effects of mergers, based on ex ante financial information. Such analysis is useful in predicting patterns of mergers, to the extent that future consolidation will be influenced largely by cost considerations. The simulation technique can also be applied to a much larger sample than ex post merger studies alone; this is important not only for enhancing precision, but also as a way of addressing the concern that many unmerged banks (that may merge in the future) may differ systematically from banks that have recently merged.
The results show hypothetical merger between the two banks, due x- efficiency reduced costs but the omitting branches can not reduce the cost of the merged bank, In other words, the merger of the two banks, by the x-efficiency reduce costs of the merged bank.
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