ارزیابی تناسب اراضی برای روش های آبیاری سطحی و قطره ای در دشت سیستان، نمونۀ پژوهش: شهرستان های استان سیستان و بلوچستان (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
برای استفاده درست از منابع آب و جلوگیری از تخریب خاک، باید مناسب ترین سامانه های آبیاری را به کار برد. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، ارزیابی تناسب اراضی برمبنای ویژگی های خاک برای سامانه های آبیاری سطحی و قطره ای در 46000 هکتار از اراضی دشت سیستان است. به منظور دستیابی به این هدف، 600 خاک رخ با فواصل تقریبی 700 تا 800 متر حفر و ویژگی های فیزیکی و شیمیایی تمامی افق ها تعیین شد. ارزیابی تناسب برای روش های مختلف آبیاری برمبنای ویژگی های خاک و توپوگرافی با استفاده از روش پارامتریک انجام شد. پس از تعیین کلاس و زیرکلاس تناسب سرزمین برای خاک رخ های مطالعه شده، با استفاده از روش وزن دهی معکوس فاصله، نقشه های پیوسته زیرکلاس های تناسب برای هر دو روش آبیاری در شهرستان های مختلف تهیه شد. نتایج نشان داد که در تمامی مناطق، شرایط برای آبیاری قطره ای به مراتب بهتر از آبیاری سطحی است. هرچند در بسیاری از مناطق، برای آبیاری قطره ای نیز، محدودیت هایی وجود دارد و استفاده مناسب و کارآمد از این نوع سامانه به رفع محدودیت ها در این مناطق بستگی دارد. در تمامی شهرستان ها، مهم ترین محدودیت برای روش های آبیاری بررسی شده، محدودیت شوری قلیائیت و ویژگی های فیزیکی خاک (بافت شنی، رسی و رسی سیلتی) است. در تمامی مناطق، بافت های رسی سیلتی و لومی سیلتی مهم ترین کلاس های بافتی محدودکننده بودند. با توجه به اینکه تغییر ویژگی های فیزیکی به راحتی امکان پذیر نیست، عملیات اصلاح خاک ها ازنظر مقادیر شوری قلیائیت به رفع محدودیت ها یا کاهش آنها کمک زیادی می کند.Mapping of Land Suitability Evaluation for Surface and Drip Irrigation Methods in Sistan Plain: A Case Study of Counties of Sistan and Baluchestan Province
For the proper use of water resources and prevention of soil degradation, it is necessary to select the best irrigation system. The aim of this study was to map the land suitability evaluation for different irrigation methods (surface and drip) in 46000 ha of Sistan plain including Hirmand, Hamon, Nimroz, Zahak, and Zabol counties. For this purpose, 600 pedons with an approximate distance of 700 to 800 m were excavated, described, and sampled. In this study, land suitability evaluation for different irrigation methods based on soil properties and topography was done using the parametric method. Then, land suitability maps for surface and drip irrigation methods were prepared using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method. The results showed that in the studied area, the conditions for drip irrigation are better than the surface irrigation method. However, in many studied areas, there are restrictions for drip irrigation, and for proper and efficient use of this irrigation system, the restrictions must be removed. Moreover, the results confirmed that in all studied areas the most important limitations are salinity/alkalinity and limitations due to physical soil properties. The silty clay and silty loam textural were the most limitation classes. Due to the fact that changing the physical properties is not easily possible, it seems that soil remediation based on salinity and alkalinity can help to remove or reduce the limitations. Introduction Food security and stability in the world greatly depend on the management of natural resources. Moreover, farm production should be increased using these limited resources for feeding the growing global population. The scarcity of water in arid and semiarid regions such as Iran is a restrictive element for the agricultural sector. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop initiatives to save water in this particular sector. For proper use of water resources and prevention of soil degradation, it is necessary to select the best irrigation system. In this regard, the aim of this study was to map the land suitability evaluation for different irrigation methods (surface and drip) in 46000 ha of Sistan plain including Hirmand, Hamon, Nimroz, Zahak, and Zabol counties. Methodology The present study was conducted in an area of about 46000 ha in the Sistan plain, northeast of Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. The Sistan plain is located in Hirmand, Hamon, Nimroz, Zahak and Zabol counties. In this study, 600 pedons with an approximate distance of 700 to 800 m were excavated. All the pedons were described according to the field book for describing and sampling soils (Schoeneberger, Wysocki, & Benham, 2012). Then, soil samples were taken from different genetic horizons. Soil samples were air-dried, grounded, and passed through a 2-mm sieve. Then, particle size distribution, pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE), the content of organic carbon, soluble Ca, Mg, Na, and K were determined. In this study, land suitability evaluation for different irrigation methods based on soil properties and topography was done using the parametric method. The capability index for irrigation was determined based on the rating of soil properties. Then, the suitability classes were defined according to the value of the capability index. After that, land suitability maps for surface and drip irrigation methods were prepared using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method. Discussion The results show that Hirmand County with 916 ha has the highest and Hamoon County with 226 ha has the lowest land area with S1 suitability class for surface irrigation. In Hamoon County, in relation to the ability to use surface irrigation, the majority of the studied lands (approximately 4492 ha) have S2ns class. Zahak County with 929 ha has the highest and Hamoon County with 214 ha has the lowest level of lands with S1 suitability class for drip irrigation. Based on the values of overall accuracy and kappa index, it can be stated that for all counties and both irrigation methods, the predictions were accurate. The overall accuracy of 80% and the kappa index of 0.7 indicate the high accuracy of the predicted maps. Conclusion The results show that in the studied area, the conditions for drip irrigation are better than the surface irrigation method. However, in many studied areas, there are restrictions for drip irrigation, and for proper and efficient use of this irrigation system, the restrictions must be removed. Moreover, results confirm that, in all studied areas, the most important limitations are salinity/alkalinity and limitations due to physical soil properties. The silty clay and silty loam textural are the most limiting classes. As changing the physical properties is not easily possible, it seems that soil remediation based on salinity and alkalinity can help to remove or reduce the limitations. Keywords: Suitability Index, Pedon, Irrigation System. References - Albaji, M., Nasab, B., & Naseri, A. A. (2010). Comparison of different irrigation methods based on the parametric evaluation approach in the plain West of Shush, Iran. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage , 59 (1), 547-558. - Albaji, M., Eslamian, S., Naseri, A. A., & Eslamian, F. (2020). Handbook of irrigation system selection for semi-arid regions . CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group. - Barberis, A., & Minelli, S. (2005). Land evaluation in Shouyang County, Shanxi Province, China. The 25th Professional Master Course. 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