تحلیل نشانه- معناشناسی حکایت سلطان محمود و غلام هندوی در دفتر ششم مثنوی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
نشانه معناشناسی در متون ادبی، ازجمله علوم جدیدی است که درک و شناخت بیشتری از متن، در اختیار خواننده می گذارد. در این پژوهش با بررسی گفتمان، از زاویه های تازه ای به متن نگریسته می شود که دریچه تازه ای از معانی را به روی خواننده می گشاید. در این مقاله براساس حکایت سلطان محمود و غلام هندو از دفتر ششم مثنوی مولانا، به بررسی نشانه معناشناسی حکایت یادشده و تحلیل معنایی داستان پرداخته می شود. در این پژوهش، نشانه ها نه به صورت منفرد، بلکه در تعامل با مجموعه ای از نشانه های دیگر بررسی می شود که به معناسازی در گفتمان می انجامد. همچنین ویژگی های کنِشی یا شوِّشی گفتمان در حکایت بررسی خواهد شد. نکته مهم این است که نشانه ها در فرایندی تعاملی به معناآفرینی و خلق بُعد هنری و زیبایی کلام می انجامند. در گفتمان مولانا، نشانه ها از ویژگی های سیال و پویا برخوردارند. ه دف اص لی ای ن مقاله، تحلیل و بررسی سیالیّت و طغیان نشانه ها در این حکایت است که چگونه سبب سیالیّت و تداوم معنا در گفتمان می شود. این پژوهش به پرسش های زیر پاسخ داده است: فرایند تحول و طغیان نشانه ها در گفتمان این حکایت مبتنی بر کدام شرایط گفتمانی رخ می دهد؟ چگونه تغییر شرایط گفتمانی به تولید معناهای سیّال می انجامد؟ با توجه به عرفانی بودن مثنوی معنوی ، کدام نظام گفتمانی نمود بیشتری دارد؟ در این پژوهش به بررسی این مسئله پرداخته می شود که مولانا چگونه با برهم زدن قواعد ثابت نشانه ها، شکل تعینی گفتمان را متحول می کند و سالک را به مرحله خطرپذیری سوق می دهد؛ نیز چگونه جریان معانی را از وضعیت یکنواخت و برنامه محور به وضعیتی سیّال و پرتلاطم تبدیل می کند.The Analysis of the Semantics/Semiotics of the Anecdote of Indian Servant and Sultan Mahmud in the 6th Book of Masnavi
The analysis of the semantics/semiotics in literary texts is amongst new science that provides the readers with more perception and understanding.
This research focused on new approaches to the aspects of interaction to open a new horizon of meanings for readers. The researcher studied semantics/semiotics and meanings based on the anecdote of Indian child servant and Sultan Mahmud in the 6 th book of Masnavi.
The research aimed to investigate the semiotics not only in a single way, but also in relation to the collection of other semiotics causing construction of meaning in interaction; meanwhile, the possibility and accessibility of character of the interaction was considered.
The key point is that semiotics in an interactive process leads to meaning creation, artistic generation, and eloquence.
Molana’s discourses entail dynamic characters. This research strongly aimed to investigate what happens in the circumstance of discourse, the process of evolution, and chaos in discourse, how the discourse change does result in dynamic meanings, and which discourse-base system outperforms the mythological base of it.
Also, it was tried to find out which discourse approach further represented the mystical base of Masnavi-Maanavi.
The research resulted in the impossibility of studying meaning regardless of its application in discourse, which shapes the flow of meaning creation.
Keywords: semantics/semiotics, anecdote, Sultan, servant, Masnavi, the 6 th book
Introduction
This study aimed to investigate the different approaches to studying discourse, which is based on its interactional, cognitive, dynamic, and existential relationships to the world. The resulted semantic process comes into sight based on its interaction with the world. The research aimed at studying the narrative structure, the ebb and flow in discourse inside and outside of semiotics, and the way of semantic evolution in this anecdote. Then, it dealt with how Gholam approached the emotional atmosphere by passing the pragmatic atmosphere and met the emotional changes. Generally speaking, this research tried to investigate the turning point of the dynamic nature of semantics into evolution.
Materials and Methods
The benefited approach in this research was investigating the way that a dynamic pragmatic discourse guides into a semantic discourse and then results into a value discourse. Actually, pragmatic natures and emotions change everyday roles in finding a way to aesthetics. The studied anecdote was found to describe Molana uniquely in the way he applied his eloquent speech as a means of creating discourse.
Discussion of Results and Conclusions
Linguistics and semiotics have considered the pragmatic characters of each text as a quintessential feature so far. Pragmatic phenomenon is regarded as an action, which is able to meet a program in order to change it into another one. Pragmatic discourse is gaining of an oral program, which results from an oral process or adjacency system” in a discourse.
The starting point of the anecdote under study showed the Gholam was captured by Sultan’s troops in the beginning of the story. The captured kid remembered his parents’ images when Sultan Mahmud sat on the throne. It is better to say it was a flashback. The story started after this remembrance. Molana continued narrating the story and matching it with his own purpose. Consequently, a nonlinear structure in the anecdote of Gholam Hindu and Sultan Mahmud was found. This structure started with the capture of the kid and continued with his remembering of the past, which represented a simulation of the semiotics to the base of the story to be then concluded and finished.
Molana’s discourse semiotics always flees from linguistic rules, not for making irregular forms, but for creating new and superior semiotics. In other words, his semiotic signs are interwoven to surpass each other and create a superior semiotics. The surpassing nature of semiotics in Molana’s discourse is like a weaving process, in which a zigzag movement is required. The junior semiotics changes the text from simplicity into excellency of surpassing like an ebb-and-flow movement through interwoven narratives and linguistic interaction. In this story, the words and semiotics was discovered to exit from everyday meaning with a fixed usage. As Gholam Hindu passed the safe zone (father’s house) into a new risky world (Sultan Mahmud’s palace) in an un-preplanned manner, he entered into a world of dynamic semantics. He faced his own different and paradoxical thoughts and past emotions by entering into the new and different atmosphere of the palace.
The semantics/semiotics system of Gholam Hindu and Soltuan was a movement, which started from the activator’s abandonment of terrestrial peace, while his cognitive-emotional experience made a brilliant and real future for him. The semiotic view of meanings was represented in his past frozen taste.
Molana’s anecdote was going to point out that the world was the place of change. This change improved in the shadow of selection, transformation, action, taking risks, abandonment, tension, evolution, and excellency. Therefore, the identity of semiotics was found to have changed and the blending and evolution separated the classic semantics/semiotics from post classic semantics/semiotics.
This study was an innovative research in term of identifying how semiotics surpassed the cliché into excellent semiotics. Thereafter, semiotic signs were not based on controversy, but changed into new signs in accordance to their surroundings or in combination with each other. This transformation of semiotics in the anecdote was based on two approaches: 1) Gholam or Salek got used to the everyday repetitive semiotics due to his fear of the route to the outside world and 2) He passed the pragmatic world and entered into a risk-taking stage, in which he found himself in an emotional world to interact with the outside world. He got familiar with the outside world and evolution and this was a revolution of new semiotics that had existed in his imaginations before.
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