تصحیح و گزارش لغات، اصطلاحات و عباراتی از نزهت نامه علائی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
نزهت نامه علائی از مهم ترین دایره المعارف های کهن تاریخ ادبیات فارسی است که به سبب سرشت خاص خویش، متنی چنددانشی به شمار می آید و مخاطب هنگام مطالعه آن با مطالب گوناگونی روبه رو می شود. این متن ترکیبی از دانش های حیوان شناسی، کانی شناسی، کشاورزی، نجوم، تاریخ، جغرافیا، اسطوره و حماسه، طلسم، فراست و نظایر آن است که با آیین ها و باورهای عامه درآمیخته و به عجایب نامه ها نزدیک شده است. با وجود اهمیت فوق العاده نزهت نامه علائی ، این متن تاکنون تنها یک بار به کوشش فرهنگ جهانپور تصحیح و بدون نگارشِ تعلیقات چاپ شده است. حاصل کار او با وجود استفاده از دست نویس های معتبر، کاستی های بسیار دارد. موضوع این پژوهش که به روش توصیفی تحلیلی انجام شده، تصحیح و گزارش لغات، اصطلاحات و عباراتی از نزهت نامه علائی است. مسئله اساسی پژوهش تصحیح بخش هایی از کتاب بر مبنای دست نویس های محل رجوع مصحح و تحلیل و شرح آنها با استفاده از متون مشابه و همسان است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد با وجود دسترسی مصحح به نسخه های معتبر، به سبب نبودِ روش و معیار روشن در تصحیح متن و بی توجهی به دانش های گوناگون و پشتوانه فرهنگی متن، کاستی ها و اشتباهات بسیاری در متن نزهت نامه علائی پدید آمده است؛ با تأمل در دست نویس ها و رجوع به منابع همسان و مشابه و مقتضی می توان این اشتباهات را تصحیح کرد و توضیح داد.Editing and Reporting Some Words, Expressions, and Phrases from Nozhat-Name-ye Alaie
Nozhat-Nameh Alaie is one of the most important ancient encyclopedias in the history of Persian literature that, due to its specific nature, is considered a multi-competent text and exposes the reader to a diverse number of genera. This text is composed of the knowledge of zoology, mineralogy, agriculture, astrology, history, geography, mythology and epic, talisman, insight, and so forth, which have been mixed with different popular customs and beliefs giving it a close resemblance to the Persian fantasy literature. Contrary to its significance, this text has been edited by Farhang Jahanpour and has been published without any endnote section. Despite using original and reliable manuscripts, this edition suffers from a lot of shortcomings. The present study takes a descriptive-analytical approach to edit and report a number of words, idioms, and phrases of Nozhat-Nameh Alaie . The main objective of the study is to edit a number of positions from the book on the basis of the original editor’s referred manuscripts, in order to further explain and analyze them with reference to other similar and corresponding texts. The results of the study show that although the original editor had access to dependable copies of manuscripts, lacking a definite methodology and criteria in editing the text, on one hand, and paying scares attention to the various knowledge of the text and its cultural backbone on the other hand, have led to many errors and shortcomings in Nozhat-Nameh Alaie . However, by reflecting on the manuscripts and referring to parallel and proper similar resources, these failures are rectifiable. Introduction Nozhat-Nameh Alaie , the most important legacy of Shahmardan ibn Abalkheir, is one of the oldest encyclopedias in Persian literature written during 1097-1102 AD in Yazd, Iran. The main objective of the present study is to edit, explain, and analyze a number of words, expressions, and phrases in this work. In the course of this study, the researchers show that there has been no obvious and proper criterion in the previous edition. Many original versions of records in the ancient manuscripts have been ignored and many erroneous ones have found their way into the text. The editor’s lack of proper attention to various subjects and content of different sections in the book, his ignorance of basic knowledge and information essential for understanding the subjects, and missing the necessary resources have led to many errors in this edition of Nozhat-Nameh Alaie . Materials and Methods This study has been conducted on the basis of close attention to the versions of the manuscripts by the Nozhat-Nameh editor on one hand and referring to the sources related to each section of the book on the other hand. The edited version is on the basis of five manuscripts. We have edited the target phrases on the basis of the recording of the alternative versions. Furthermore, because of the multi-knowledge nature of the book, the researchers referred to numerous and varied sources pertinent to popular culture, zoology, mineralogy, medicine, history, myth and epic, geography, agriculture, and so on. Grounds and causes for inaccuracies, distortions, and twists were also explained. Discussion of Results and Conclusions Nozhat-Nameh Alaie is one of the most important ancient encyclopedias in Iranian history which is highly prominent considering its vast inclusion of vocabulary, compound words, and syntactic structures. Due to its encyclopedic nature, it is also a multi-knowledge text that incorporates issues as varied as zoology, agriculture, mineralogy, astronomy, talisman, medicine, acumen, dream interpretation, etc. Subjects and topics in this book are intermingled with popular culture. Therefore, it contains a plethora of ancient beliefs and traditions. On this account, critical editing of this text necessitates special conditions and prerequisites which have not been provided in the course of the previous edition. Despite access to some of the best manuscripts, the lack of an editing method and a proper criterion has led to numerous errors by the editor to the extent that he has ignored some authentic versions altogether and included invalid versions of the recordings in the text. In addition to this lack of clear methodology, failure to pay proper attention to different meaning dimensions gave rise to abundant erroneous versions in the text. Part of the shortcoming of Nozhat-Nameh Alaie is also due to missing out on necessary zoological knowledge and related traditions and beliefs. For instance, deficiency of proper information about horse diseases, hyena hunting, hyena’s adverse habits, and medical properties of horses’ and donkeys’ hooves has led to the inclusion of a number of inaccurate versions of recordings. The lack of proper agricultural information about how to plant pomegranate cuttings or radish is also the source of some of the mistakes in the edition. Negligence of some of the mineralogical remarks in the text like assigning male and female genders to some minerals, the natural refinedness of crystals in the mine, and the existence of a type of salt named Andarani also caused some defective content to find their ways in the edition. Some geographical names like Oballah and Yosraghan have been changed into Ileh and Yaraghan, respectively. This study edits and explains 24 ambiguous subjects from the Nozhat-Nameh Alaie text. Moreover, it clearly shows that reaching authentic versions of recordings, in addition to meticulous attention to and reflection on the manuscripts, necessitates a vast background knowledge about various subjects of the book and reference to suitable sources.
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