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Islamic revolution
Investigating Russian literature shows that from Moscow’s point of view, the Iran-Iraq war was rooted in historical, political, and religious challenges. According to the Russians, geopolitical disputes after the fall of the Ottomans, the dispute over the Arvand River, ethnic Kurdish tensions, and long-standing disputes between Shiites and Sunnis are the four key factors that ignited the fires of the Iran-Iraq war. Meanwhile, Moscow had specific interests and policies toward Iran. Examining Russian literature shows that during the years of the Iran-Iraq war, Moscow made extensive efforts to establish a socialist system in Iran through influence in the leftist political current in this country. The Soviet Union which was deeply concerned about the continuation of the Iranian revolution within its borders, supported Saddam against Iran through arms, military, and intelligence assistance to Iraq. Also, looking at this war from a Russian perspective shows that the Iran-Iraq war not only did not limit US influence in the region, but also increased Washington's military and security presence in the West Asian region. Hence, the Soviet Union, which had hoped to find a way to gain access to the waters of the Persian Gulf by exploiting the instability of West Asia and providing security guarantees to the countries of this region, failed to achieve its goals. The Soviets also imagined that the Eight-Year War would prevent the continuation of the revolutionary movement of the Iranian people, and that the Islamic Republic would collapse as a result of the costs and problems of the war. But the leadership of the war by Imam Khomeini (may God have mercy on him) and the unparalleled performance of the Iranian people and warriors prevented the realization of the Soviet dream of forming a communist system in Iran.
Nurturing Human Beings According to Imam Khomeini's Mystical Anthropology in the Islamic Revolution(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
The present study aims to explore the mystical and divine thoughts of Imam Khomeini in the field of mystical and prophetic anthropology, and to explain the role of monotheistic education in human nurturing and its effects on society. Imam Khomeini's ideas on contemporary human development were demonstrated during the Islamic Revolution. Therefore, this paper uses a descriptive method to examine and explain the evolutionary path of mystical anthropology from Imam Khomeini's view to clarify the characteristics of human development in his school. Imam Khomeini sought to establish a tangible and profound relationship between Islamic metaphysical ontology, time, history, and society during the Islamic Revolution. By establishing the Islamic Republic system, he achieved such a connection and unity in terms of tangible, external, political, historical aspects. He, as a religious political leader, offer a practical and applicable Quranic anthropology that emphasizes human development in the Islamic Revolution, with an awareness of contemporary human needs and modern and post-modern developments. The Imam has a unique perspective and analysis by knowing the Quranic anthropology and earthly anthropology, linking the fixed innate needs of humans with variable social needs. In this regard, he considers knowledge, nurturing, spiritual and moral education of humans, and self-improvement as a prerequisite for societal transformation and social developments.
Examining the Behavioral Challenges of Islamic Revolution Managers from the Perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei and Presenting Solutions Based on Imam Khomeini's Views(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
The present study is focused on the behavioral challenges faced by managers in the Islamic revolution and aims to provide solutions to overcome them. The main question that this article seeks to answer is ‘How Ayatollah Khamenei justifies these challenges and what solutions Imam Khomeini proposes to address them?’ To achieve this, the article employs a tripartite model and method of conceptual analysis and text interpretation to presents the statements of the leader and Imam Khomeini in a structured manner. The tripartite model is an analytical tool that examines organizational and management theories in terms of productivity, which has three dimensions: Structural, contextual, and behavioral. However, the present paper acknowledges that one of the fundamental challenges of desirable management in the Islamic revolution is ignoring the strategic and intangible human capital in terms of behavioral necessities. Therefore, the study focuses only on the role and impact of behavioral challenges of managers in the organization of the Islamic republic system according to the leader of the Islamic revolution and proposes solutions to overcome these challenges based on Imam Khomeini's principles. In Ayatollah Khamenei's political thought, behavioral challenges of human resources can be identified and examined in three areas: cognitive, ethical, and jurisprudential. According to Imam Khomeini, the solution to these behavioral challenges is through appropriate upbringing of intellectual, emotional, and physical layers of existence. This approach is classified in to three categories of "Ideological Education," "Ethical Education," and "Jurisprudential Education," which fall under the broad category of "Educational Dimensions" of behavioral (human resource) management. To accomplish this research, a descriptive-explanatory method is used, and data collection is library-based.
The Iranian Islamic Revolution and Its Impact on the Authentic Identity-Seeking of the Alevi Community in Turkey(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
The Alawite community, who according to the Supreme Leader are "orphans of the family of Muhammad", believe in following the school of Ahl-ul-Bayt (a.s) is still rooted in them. However, throughout the history of Alawism, due to the influence of some religious movements, policies and targeted political-cultural planning, they have suffered from a mixed and multifaceted identity and nature. Therefore, the trustees of this field have a kind of religious and customary duty to celebrate some religious holidays and ceremonies with a detailed and comprehensive planning and focusing on the common aspects with the Alevi community, that is, a special belief in the Imams (a.s.). And finally, believing in the principles, pillars, and values of the school of Ahl- ul-Bayt (a.s), take fundamental steps in the direction of reviving the true religious identity of the Alevi community. (Question) The current research has tried to analyze and evaluate the impact of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in restoring the true identity of the Turkish Alevi community based on the descriptive-analytical method and according to the "diffusion theory" from the words of ideological leaders. (Methodology) In general, Alevi leaders believe that today, with the blessing of the Iranian Islamic Revolution and the correct understanding of the Ahl- ul-Bayt (a.s) school, efforts are being made to introduce the correct principles and traditions to the Alevi society. In this regard, it is a great responsibility for Alevi leaders and sects to keep the Alevi community safe from threats by educating the Ahl-ul -Bayt (a.s.)
Transition to the past, the way to get rid of the deprivation of the present; Investigation and analysis of the role of nostalgia in the purification of the Pahlavi era(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
Nostalgia is an important concept in the issues of identity and political culture of the society. Understanding this concept shows the state of despair and deprivation from the current conditions, and the emergence of longing for the past; A past free of shortcomings that is built in the psyche of today's society. Nostalgia can be considered as a kind of self-deception that distorts the past and edits events to make it ideal in order to get out of the chaotic situation. The hypothesis of the article is that due to the existence of two basic components of nostalgia, i.e. despair of the present and longing for the past, today's society is faced with livelihood problems, an unfavorable image of the future and a feeling of hopelessness for the improvement of the situation, and to relieve the pain, to He leaves his heart with a past that has been removed from any shortcomings and hardships and has found a surreal space in his mind. This psychological foundation built in the society provided the ground for ignoring any kind of deficiency, crime, deprivation, oppression, tyranny, dependence, etc. in the minds of the people of the Pahlavi period and in building a surreal society and purifying the crimes of the Pahlavis by currents and media. The meaning of the Islamic Republic and tendency to reaction plays a role.
Back to Geopolitics: The Problem of Ignoring Iran's Geopolitics(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
ژئوپلیتیک سال نوزدهم تابستان ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۲ (پیاپی ۷۰)
220 - 246
حوزه های تخصصی:
Looking at the studies and analyses conducted in the field of Iran's issues with the world, we see the ignorance of Iran's geopolitical aspect. The concern of the present study is why Iran, despite its geopolitical importance, is always analyzed in terms of ideology and political Islam in the international arena? However, given the current geopolitical components and even its future geopolitical advantages, Iran has a potential and actual position and importance at the regional and international levels. The purpose of this study is, first, to highlight the more deliberate neglect of Iran's geopolitical aspect as an existing problem and to show some of its most important effects, and second, to highlight the geopolitical nature of Iran. The data collection method is descriptive-analytical, and they have been analyzed in the framework of the theory of "Geopolitics: The Impact of Politics on Geography" and the analytical framework of "Hermeneutics of Reflection". Based on the analysis of the effects of Iran's geopolitical neglect and with a look at the historical course (contemporary history), the research findings are a set of "historical" and "geopolitical" symbols and signs revealing the importance and determination of Iran's geopolitics, its precedence on political, ideological, cultural aspects, and the error of degradation in terms of geoculture. The result of this study is to ignore Iran's geopolitical aspect, reduce Iran's effective acting power in the international arena by introducing it more as an ideological actor, and put all the pressure on the Islamic Revolution, political Islam and the Islamic State.
Gender Cleavage and Political Conflict in Iran: A Sociological Approach
حوزه های تخصصی:
A look at Iran's contemporary history shows that in the past century, Iranian society has been alternately involved in riots, movements, revolutions and political instability. To explain the causes of these conflicts, theorists have emphasized various factors, among which the number, type, nature and structure of social divisions in Iran can be mentioned. One of the faults that became activated after the Islamic Revolution is the gender cleavage. This article deals with the question of what role gender played in the process of political conflicts in post-revolutionary Iran.The findings show that the activation of the gender cleavage caused the political conflicts after the revolution to take on a gendered color.As a result,while women pursue specific demands related to their gender class, other groups and political factions involved in political conflicts also have emphasized their demands to attract their opinion, and from time to time, they have highlighted these demands in their campaign agenda.The current research is of a qualitative type based on documentary and library methods,and the relevant data were collected through note-taking of various books,articles,and documents,and the data were described and analyzed with a sociological approach.
Necessity and Feasibility Assessment of Transformation in the New Global Order in the Opinions and Thoughts of the Leader(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
Since the Islamic Republic victory, the leaders of the revolution have consistently emphasized that the revolution's Islamic nature has sparked significant transformations in the regional and international order. Grounded in religious beliefs and values, the Islamic revolution has drawn upon Iran's rich cultural, political, and social background, making it a fertile and productive force for change. The first step towards change was the internal political and social transformation of Iran, culminating in the establishment of the Islamic Republic under the banner of "Revolution in the Name of God." This revolution led to transformations in all material and spiritual dimensions of the existing international system. The Islamic Revolution has invalidated materialistic and atheistic theories that explain and interpret revolutions. It has presented a new interpretation and thought based on unity and spirituality and recognized human dignity and social justice globally. The revolution has demonstrated the possibility of forming a community based on justice and spirituality, revived hope in the Islamic and Arab world regarding the defeat of imperialism and Zionism, empowered the front of truth against the front of falsehood, changed the political map of the world, awakened the Islamic nation, changed the balance of power in the Middle East and the world, and presented a model for liberation movements worldwide. These outcomes have had a significant impact on the material and spiritual structures of the international system. The present study, with a descriptive and analytical method and based on the guidance and intellectual framework of the esteemed Leader, will attempt to describe and explain their perspective of the necessity and feasibility assessment of transformation in the new global order
Investigating the Extent of Spirituality among the Students at the Level of the Islamic Revolution in the Mazandaran University(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
Spirituality is considered one of the prominent components of Islam, to the extent that without it, a person will not find the path to happiness. The educational role of spirituality is one of its functions, and given the country's need for faithful elements, educating students based on this component is essential at the level of the Islamic Revolution. The present study aims to answer the question of ‘How the level of spirituality among students at the Islamic Revolutionary University of Mazandaran is?’ The research method is descriptive-survey and its approach is practical. There are about 4,500 postgraduate students at the University of Mazandaran, and based on the sample size formula, 354 students were selected as the research sample using random sampling. The questionnaire was the data collection tool, and its validity was confirmed by several faculty members before the research. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the overall reliability of the questionnaire was 0.963. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical indices in the SPSS software version 24. The research findings indicate that among the research sample, as a statistical population, there is a significant and positive relationship between the Islamic Revolution and the spirituality of students, and spirituality indices such as belief in God, understanding of metaphysical phenomena, self-sacrifice, sincerity, and perseverance have grown. However, it is necessary to reform the education system in a way that strengthens their spiritual mindset, and officials must take serious steps to realize the Islamic University.
Spragens’s Explanation of the Mystic Revolution Theory of Lili Eshqi(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
The explanation of the Iranian Islamic Revolution, due to its unique worldview and dimensions compared to other revolutions, requires its own conceptual foundations and components. One of the theories of the revolution in which it is tried to highlight the differences and unique features of the Islamic revolution by emphasizing the metaphysical nuances and mystical concepts of Shiism, and in this way it attracts the attention of many revolutionary theorists, the theory of the revolution Miss Lily's mysticism is love. The current research aims to answer this main question by using the explanatory model of Thomas Spriggans as a method: "How can the problem, the causes of the problem, the ideal society and the ways of realizing it be explained in the theory of Leili Eshghi's mystical revolution?" The research findings of non-existence among the Iranian people during the Pahlavi era, cultural and geographical conquest of the West,such as the cultural and geographical conquest of the West, the anti-religious actions of the Pahlavi kings, the failed experience in the constitutional movement and the August 28 incident. an independent Iranian-Shiite society specific to Iran and loyalty to the rites and teachings of the revolution respectively as the problem, the causes of the problem, the ideal society and the ways Its realization is told in Lili Eshghi's mystical theory.
The Iran Islamic Revolution and the Virtue of Altruism(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
Key words of humanitarianism and altruism can be seen as a big step towards human excellence, after the love of essence and self-protection. This issue is not only unsuccessful without humans, but also useless in understanding society, ethics, and mysticism. Understanding this matter in the view of the foundations of Quranic anthropology means loving humans on the path of humanity, compassion and empathy towards other people, and, in other words, not being confined to the rule of "We have honored the children of Adam." In essence, the Islamic Revolution has also been based on this Quranic pattern. Khomeini, who was knowledgeable in various fields such as theology, wisdom, jurisprudence, and mysticism, not only upheld it, but also based the revolution's strategies and, as a result, the domestic and foreign policies of the Islamic system on it, and offered political mysticism comprehensively to the world. The present study, emphasizing the ideas of Imam Khomeini, aim to evaluate the theoretical foundations of this lofty human virtue, and its applications; and its emphasis is on how the Islamic philosophical and mystical foundations have emerged in governance and political representation, and how reviving them can help human beings reach their maximum potential in terms of intelligence and morality, and assist a diverse range of individuals in their journey towards the proximity of God.
The Impact of Mysticism on the Islamic Revolution of Iran through the Legacy of Imam Khomeini(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
pure life, Volume ۱۰, Issue ۳۶, Autumn ۲۰۲۳
139 - 164
حوزه های تخصصی:
SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES : The objective of the article is to provide evidence on the impact of mysticism on the Islamic Republic of Iran through the figure, thought, and legacy of Imam Khomeini. To achieve this, the article discusses the relationship between the political thought of Imam Khomeini and his mystical and philosophical views on society and life. METHOD & FINDING : The descriptive-analytical method is used to state the role and impact of mysticism on the Islamic Revolution by analyzing and comparing Imam Khomeini’s texts and speeches on the topic. Imam Khomeini was a devoted scholar who brought Islamic mysticism to the public realm of discussion, both within the religious seminary system and in the public arena of institutional discussions around the formation of the Islamic Republic. CONCLUSION : Imam Khomeini revolutionized the clerical attitude towards politics and proved that religion was still relevant as an ideology capable of building a Modern society. His success in mobilizing his followers went beyond as he achieved this in a historical moment where the discourse of Westernization posed a threat to Iranians. Also, conveyed the revolutionary movement in a unique language featuring connotations of martyrdom, justice, freedom, and political and sociocultural independence. He emphasized the need to revitalize religion through the guidance of jurists and clerics while referencing the mystical traditions of Islam, which highlight its universality and transcendental importance.
Global Dimensions and Impacts of Iran’s Islamic Revolution(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
The victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran at the end of the seventies was one of the important events and developments of the 20th century, whose occurrence surprised all theorists and political analysts. However, assessing the impacts’ dimensions of the Islamic Revolution on the international system was a matter that has still retained its significance from the first years of the victory of the revolution until now, i.e., almost three decades later, which has been an important topic of interest to writers and analysts in the region and around the world.This article is an attempt to evaluate and analyze these effects, through which, the author is trying to discuss the nature and extent of these effects by citing the existing references and evidence using the writings and literature published in this context.
The Political Thought of Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
To acknowledge the majority of strategic experts, “Hassan Nasrallah”; Secretary General of Hezbollah in Lebanon, Is an expert in psychological warfare that under certain conditions, easily changes equations of regional conflicts in favor of the resistance axis. This view from here derived that campaign politics is an arena of deception and dishonesty, it is well known to be truthful to; Extent that even Shimon Peres, the former head of the Zionist regime, described He's the most honest enemy of Israel as terms of consciousness and high-capacity regional and international developments in powers of analysis. Such thoughtfulness and deep political insight of Hassan Nasrallah led to his political forecasts in the field of international developments and in particular the future of the Zionist regime. Hezbollah chooses specific events for describing the confrontation with the Israeli enemy that often expressed these positions by its Secretary-General. Accordingly, this study seeks to examine the views and political thoughts of Sayyad Hassan Nasrallah, Secretary General of Hezbollah in Lebanon.
The Post-development Thought of Sayyid Mortaza Avini(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
It became significant in finding development in Iran after the emergence of the new industrial order in the West that leads to a debate on how Iran should confront the phenomenon of high economic development. In contemporary Iranian history, Western-oriented elites have attributed Iran's backwardness to not following the methods that the West used to achieve development. Therefore, especially during the Pahlavi era, development planning with a Western-centric approach was implemented to address this backwardness. Undoubtedly, the realization of the Islamic Revolution can be considered as a confrontation with this style of modernization, which has led to serious criticisms from some thinkers. The present study examines the Sayyid Mortaza Avini’s thoughts on development economics, who is one of these intellectuals. This paper aims to investigate the question of ‘What components Avini's thought on development is based on?’ The findings indicated that Avini has criticized Western development while also aligning with some post-development thinkers. Although he goes beyond the post-development approach and, influenced by the ideas of the Islamic Revolution and based on Islamic and indigenous elements such as religious identity and Islamic justice, he presents an alternative version of development (progress accompanied by spirituality). This way, he addresses his most important concern regarding the issue of progress positively. The method of this article will be grounded theory and data collection based on library research.
Beyond Sanctions: The Resistance Economy as the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Policy Discourse for Economic Independence(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
World Sociopolitical Studies, Volume ۸, Issue ۱ , Winter ۲۰۲۴
171 - 201
حوزه های تخصصی:
This article covers the emergence of resistance economy in the Islamic Republic of Iran within the context of international sanctions, arguing that this policy ought to be understood beyond the historical context in which it emerged. The article captures the historical, political, and economic context in which the first comprehensive economic discourse of the post-revolutionary establishment emerges, and seeks to account for its scope, concerns, and objectives. Rather than another word for protectionism, import-substitution industrialisation, economic diversification of a rentier state or a mere response to sanctions, resistance economy as espoused by Ayatollah Khamenei, is a comprehensive economic policy discourse affecting all levels of state and society in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Rather than mitigating the impact of sanctions, resistance economy is an economic discourse that seeks to realise the revolutionary objective of economic independence, whilst transforming the economy of the Islamic Republic from a source of weakness to a source of strength in its pursuit of a new, more equitable international order.
Shia Rationality and the Challenge of Takfirism in the Islamic Revolution Leaders’ Discourse(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزه های تخصصی:
As one of the main goals of Iranian Islamic Revolution, achieving a modern Islamic civilization derived from Islamic rationality is faced with some challenges. As the most fundamental for an intellectual system, such intellectual challenged can be named “rationality”. On this basis, using attributional analysis type of the qualitative research method, this paper is to answer the following question: “Based on the Islamic revolution leaders’ viewpoints and at the regional level, which most fundamental intellectual challenge does the Islamic revolution face on its way for achieving its depicted high level goals, i.e., bringing up a modern Islamic civilization, and how could they be overcome? The findings indicate that “Takfiri rationality” is the most fundamental challenge at the regional level. Challenge gaps between Takfiri rationality and Shia rationality at the region can be worded as “adhering to texts versus narrations”, “opposing the reason“, “monotheism and accusing Islamic sects”, “believing in and relying on the Prophet companions’ fairness” as well as “opposing emulation”. Criticizing such a rationality, Shia rationality emphasized on “monotheism in Shia school of thought and being free of superstition”, “emphasizing on the necessity of empowering the Islamic revolution and the Islamic axis of resistance”, “the necessity of annihilating ISIS as the main promoter of Islamophobia all over the world”, “opposing any kind of violence and act of terrorism” as well as “denying whatsoever kind of dividing Islamic sects”. Hereupon, operational solutions for dealing with the challenge of Takfirism are proposed in three categories, namely intellectual-scientific, cultural, political and military-security.