مطالب

Background: Glass roof is one of the most important obstacles for women to reach the top management level of the organization and one of the important factors reducing organizational justice. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to design and develop a model for creating a glass roof for women in higher education. Method: The research method was mixed in terms of the nature of the data. The first part was meta-combined. The statistical population in this section was 196 articles from prestigious domestic journals from 2013 to 2020, of which 70 articles were selected by available methods. The second part was the quality of the statistical community of organizational experts in the field of higher education, 10 of whom were purposefully selected. Data were analyzed by Delphi technique. The third part was a little survey. The statistical population of the study was female faculty members in the top ten universities of the country (453 people) and the number of statistical samples was calculated based on Cochran's formula of 112 people and selected by available sampling. Finally, for data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and correlation calculation and fuzzy expert system were used. Results: Since the target population confirmed the dimensions, components and extractive indicators of the research model, the results showed that if managers pay attention to the category of job conditions 34.25%, to the category of extra-organizational 21.07%, if the individual condition is 20.10%, then the model of creating a glass roof with 75.42% will be the desired combination. Conclusion: The most basic indicator and criterion affecting the glass ceiling of women is the working conditions, which along with individual and extra-organizational conditions provide the basis for reducing or increasing organizational justice. Article number: 74

This paper investigates the most influential factor of anxiety in the English for Specific Purposes (ESP) context through classroom observation and questionnaires in a private vocational higher education in Indonesia. It also explores the differences in the anxiety level based on the year of study. One hundred seventy-one students participated in the study. The Foreign Language Anxiety Classroom Scale (FLACS) questionnaire was adapted to find out the students’ anxiety levels. The questionnaire was administered using Google form, then collected and statistically analyzed using SPSS. It was revealed that the most influential factor of students’ anxiety was the domain of Communication Apprehension. Furthermore, the ANOVA test showed that all students in each year suffered from anxiety. The most notable cause of the Communication Apprehension domain was performing without preparation. Self-negative evaluation was the primary cause of the Fear of Negative Evaluation domain. Meanwhile, for the domain of Test Anxiety, failure in language tests was the principal reason. This study implies that teachers should frame pleasant communication in the classroom as well as create fun and collaborative activities to reduce students’ anxiety.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of the asymmetric oil price shock, tax revenues, resource curse, stock market, and business cycles of Iran by using the structural vector auto regression model (SVAR) for the 1984-2018 period. According to results of the estimated SVAR model, an impulse imposed by the duration of sanctions on oil exports led to an 89% increase in production gap, and impulses caused by liquidity and stock price led to 86% and 53% rises in production gap, respectively. Variation in oil and foreign exchange earnings results in different and even conflicting changes in foreign and domestic sectors of the economy, which subsequently affect the economic performance positively or negatively. Regarding economic structure and principles, a constant increased exchange rate leads to economic growth while a cross-sectional increment in exchange rate does not lead to any economic prosperity. Increased exchange rate and decreased domestic money weakness will increase foreign debt, which in turn causes liquidity shortage. Overall, the liquidity shortage of economic firms has a negative impact on the return of stock and business cycles. Hence, policymakers must pay considerable attention to macroeconomic indicators.