مطالب

В статье лингвоимагология рассматривается как новый этап в развитии языкознания, синтезирующий идеи, феномены и методы других направлений. Лингвоимагология сформировалась на базе имагологии – направления сравнительного литературоведения, изучающего образ, имидж (отсюда термин) одного народа или страны в глазах другого, как правило, анализ зеркальный. Поскольку создание образа достигается за счет использования языковых средств, создались основы лингвоимагологии, изучающей языковые средства создания образа одной страны в рецепции другого народа. Зеркальность необязательна. Таким образом, в нашем направлении синтезируются имагология, сравнительно-историческое языкознание (образ страны на протяжении веков может меняться), аксиология (рецепция другого не может быть ‘пассивной’, всегда присутствует оценочный компонент), лингвокультурология (прежде всего в аспекте единиц анализа), когнитивная лингвистика (категория языковой личности, языковой картины мира, концепты), теория коммуникации в аспекте межкультурной коммуникации, поскольку лингвоимагология создает прочный фундамент последней, практической стилистики. Все указанные положения реализуются на материале видения и оценки Франции и французов Д.И. Фонвизиным и США А.С. Пушкиным.

Finding out which lexico-semantic features of cognates are critical in cross-language studies and comparing these features with noncognates helps researchers to decide which features to control in studies with cognates. Normative databases provide necessary information for this purpose. Such resources are lacking in the Persian language. We created a dataset and determined norms for the essential lexico-semantic features of 288 cognates and noncognates and matched them across conditions. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between these features and the response time (RT) and accuracy of responses in a masked-priming lexical decision task. This task was performed in English by Persian-English speakers in conditions where the prime and target words were related or unrelated in terms of meaning and/or form. Overall, familiarity with English words and English frequency were the best predictors of RT in related and unrelated priming conditions. Pronunciation similarity also predicted RT in the related condition for cognates, while the number of phonemes in the prime predicted RT for the unrelated condition. For both related and unrelated conditions, English frequency was the best predictor for noncognates. This bilingual dataset can be used in bilingual word processing and recognition studies of cognates and noncognates.

Background: Each of ethical dimensions of leadership which influence employee behavior and organizational trends has a unique importance. Hence, in this research, we aim at studying the characteristics of leaders as potential predictors of an ethical leaderchr('39')s behavior. Method: The present study was descriptive and a correlational one. The total statistical population of this research was 660 managers of industrial centers and production centers of industrial towns in Hamadan, of which, using simple random sampling based on the Morgan table, the sample size of 248 people were selected. For collecting data, two standard questionnaires of personality traits and ethical leadership were used. And the proposed model was analyzed using structural equation modeling with Smart PLS 2 software. Results: The results of the research showed that the relationships between conscientiousness and agreeableness variables with ethical leadership were meaningful and positive. And the relationship between neuroticism and ethical leadership is significant, but this is a negative one. And the relationship between extraversion and openness with ethical leadership is not meaningful. Also, the results of structural equation modeling indicated that using conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism, 67%, 45%, and -47% of ethical leadership can be predicted, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, by identifying and determining practical measures related to those personality characteristics of the leader which are in tandem with the ethical behavior of the leaders, it is possible to identify and select the potential ethical leaders to improve the performance of the organizations. Organizations can also choose leaders who are more likely to behave fairly, share power, and clarify roles based on employee personality abilities. The selection and development of managers who have ethical behavior is very important, because ethical misconduct can be costly and damaging to the reputation of leaders and organizations.