مطالب

The Strategic Plan for the Management of Social Transformations (MOST) is a mid-term framework introduced by UNESCO in 2016, aiming to guide member countries in addressing social development issues aligned with the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. This article employs a qualitative content analysis to identify the social issues highlighted in the MOST program, extract the proposed solutions, and critically evaluate the program. The central research question explores what social issues and solutions are presented in the MOST strategic plan and what criticisms arise from these proposals. The hypothesis suggests that the program adopts a positivist approach, treating the world as an object to be shaped by predetermined goals through strategic planning, which generates societal problems. The influence of globalization, cultural hegemony, and a drive for global unification through education and culture to facilitate world management and coordination is evident. The study analyzes the policymaking cycle within the program, including agenda-setting, operational mechanisms, policy support, and capacity building for implementation and evaluation. Key social issues covered in the program include women's and girls' rights, poverty eradication, governance, peace, urbanization, environmental challenges, migration, gender equality, digital technologies, and growing inequalities. The conclusion reinforces that the MOST program reflects a positivist stance, aiming for societal transformation based on globalized ideals of control and coordination, reinforcing the hegemonic role of education and culture.

This study aims to investigate the long-term effects of the use of inductive and deductive teaching methodologies on the acquisition of English passive voice. To find answers to the questions, we prepared two teaching programs based on inductive and deductive approaches. Sixty-five pre-university students from were assigned as participants. These students were divided into two groups named as inductive and deductive. Both groups took two pre-tests. The first pre-test was administered in order to find out the homogeneity of both groups in terms of English proficiency level and the second pre-test was administered to find out how much background English passive voice knowledge they possessed. One of the groups was taught inductively and the other one was taught deductively. Three treatment sessions were conducted to present English passive voice. The study included three delayed post-tests which were administered four weeks, eight weeks and 12 weeks after treatment sessions. The analyses of the tests were conducted using descriptive statistics, independent samples test, and repeated-measures ANOVA. The analyses of the data revealed that both methodologies had significant effect on learning English passive voice. The inductively taught learners performed better in a short range of time. However, participants of the deductive group gained higher scores in a long range of time. Since the aim of the research was to investigate the long-term effects of the aforementioned methodologies, it was concluded that although inductive approach is efficient in the beginning, the deductive approach proves to be more efficient in the course of time.

Maritime terrorism is as old as its history. From ancient times to the first decade of the 21st century, perpetrators of all kinds of violence, including kidnapping, sabotage and direct attacks on targets, have inhabited the high seas as well as the wider marine environment. Terrorism at sea becomes important when a significant part of the world's trade is carried out by sea. One of the challenges of dealing with terrorism at sea and the inefficiency of the means to deal with it is found in the Convention on the Law of the Sea. Therefore, security in the seas is also considered a part of this convention; But in it, the issue of maritime terrorism is not addressed separately. Therefore, terrorist crimes in the seas and the fight against them are among the issues raised in international law, especially the international law of the seas, so that the first measures in this direction also go back to the era of the League of Nations. However, this article tries to use the descriptive and analytical research method while measuring the mechanisms of dealing with crimes in the sea territory, and examines the way of dealing with and suppressing terrorist crimes. Of course, according to the concern of coastal communities and international organizations caused by maritime terrorism, a suitable solution can be proposed, which is the participation of private companies to help fight terrorism in the sea, despite the disagreement about this approach and legal basis. It acted in international law.