مطالب

Background: Football players, in their pursuit of optimal physical and mental performance, frequently employ various recovery techniques. Among these, sleep emerges as a consistently highlighted and crucial element in athletes’ physical and cognitive performance.  Aim: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between sleep quality and mental toughness (MT), while concurrently exploring the relationship between MT and different football positions.Materials and Methods: A total of 473 Iranian football players, comprising 287 males and 186 females, were selected through a simple random sampling method by completing two questionnaires that assessed their sleep quality (PSQI) and MT (SMTQ-14).Results: The findings showed that athletes with higher subjective sleep quality and longer sleep duration demonstrated high levels of MT. Moreover, defenders and attackers exhibited the highest levels of MT compared to other playing positions. Notably, male football players reported higher sleep quality and MT compared to their female counterparts.Conclusion: This study focused on the relationship between sleep quality and MT among football players. The study revealed that both male and female football players with better sleep quality and longer sleep duration had higher MT, with males scoring higher overall. Moreover, defenders regardless of gender, exhibited the strongest MT.

Cet article explore l'impact du genre poétique et narratif sur la mémorisation et le niveau de la réserve cognitive des apprenants du FLE. L’objectif est de comparer la fonction de la poésie et le roman sur les capacités cognitives des apprenants pour mettre en valeur la compréhension lexicale. Dans cette optique, nous avons considéré la poésie et le roman comme un support pédagogique riche en possibilités motivationnelles, interculturelles et linguistiques. Notre étude a été menée dans le cours de la lecture des textes faciles sur deux groupes de contrôle et expérimental des étudiants en troisième semestre de licence de langue et littérature françaises à l’université Azad Islamique branche des Sciences et de la Recherche de Téhéran en Iran. Nous avons utilisé le questionnaire de l'échelle de connaissance lexicale (VKS) développé par Paribakht et Wesche (1993) pour évaluer la réserve cognitive des étudiants en ce qui concerne leurs champs lexicaux. La validité de ce questionnaire a également été confirmée par Culligan (2015). L'expérimentation menée dans cette étude est de type pré-test et post-test. Alors, nous avons examiné l'amélioration de la connaissance lexicale après l’intégration de la poésie en comparant celle du roman par l'échelle de connaissance lexicale (VKS). Les résultats indiquent clairement que le genre littéraire avait un effet positif sur le niveau de la réserve cognitive et plus précisément la poésie avait un effet plus efficace que le roman sur la mémorisation des mots et elle est plus facile à retenir en raison de son rythme et de la relation émotionnelle qu'elle établit avec les étudiants.  

Since the bitcoin invention in 2008, blockchain technology has surpassed so numerous innovations that the pioneer networks such as Ethereum are adaptable to host a bunch of decentral information containing pictures, audio, video, domains, Etc., or even a metaverse versatile avatar. The transformation of tangible goods into virtual assets, known as the AR-utility of luxury products, and the intermixture of reality and virtuality organized a worldwide, semi-regulated, and decentralized marketplace for digital goods. Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are doing a great help to artists worldwide, sharing diverse cultural outlooks by establishing a remote cross-cultural corporation potential and, at the same time, metamorphosizing the intermediary role and ceasing the necessity of a well-known art sale’s approval. Meanwhile, the cryptocurrency market has already acquired allocation and interest in the global domain, paving the way for a flourishing enthusiasm among entrepreneurs preoccupied with high-tech start-ups. In this qualitative survey based on participatory observation fieldwork, we shall decipher through self-exploration to investigate the ups and downs of the new cyberculture environment. Empirical encountering diverse Social Network Sites (SNS) and following the Cryptocurrency X(Twitter) trends, we have concluded that social media were the assembly line, producing success stories day and night which empowered a decentral market to surpass 14 billion worth of united states dollars. 

When the war broke out in Ukraine, this eastern European country started a successful resistance that pinned down the Russian army in many regions and created a stalemate that has sparked a war of attrition not only in Ukraine, but also on social media territories in other political spheres. This study investigates the way in which Ukraine war is represented -or to be more precise, fought- in the Iranian X. Data mining methods were employed to search, find and extract posts including “Ukraine war” -or “جنگ اوکراین” in Persian. Our main question was, how did Iranian X users position themselves with regard to war in Ukraine? Using Python, a popular social media research tools, 2027 relevant posts were extracted to show the way in which Iranian users position themselves with regard to Ukraine war. Results revealed that the two Iranian main political factions  -namely Reformists and Fundamentalists- see this war not as a war of other countries, but that of their own. The pro-Western Reformists favor the Ukrainian side of the war and the pro-Eastern Fundamentalists favor the Russian side of the war. They fight on social media as though the Ukrainian war is their own war.