درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of metacognitive learning strategies in working memory among university students. This quasi-experimental research adopted a pretest-posttest control group design with follow-up. The statistical population included 268 students at Applied Sciences and Technology University in Tehran in 2022. The convenience sampling method was employed to select 30 students randomly assigned to two groups with 15 participants, i.e., the metacognitive training (experimental) and the control groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of metacognitive strategy training based on the protocol of Wells (2011). Daneman and Carpenter's (1980) working memory test was conducted to collect data which were then analyzed using the repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS. According to the findings, the pretest mean scores of the experimental group for storage and processing differed significantly from those of the posttest and follow-up stages (p<0.01). Furthermore, in terms of information storage and processing, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group and those of the control group (p<0.05). Thus, it can be stated that metacognitive learning strategies had a positive effect on improving the working memory of university students. University instructors can enhance students’ learning by creating conducive conditions for acquiring metacognitive strategies and fostering an engaging and appropriate educational environment.

Educational self-efficacy and its relationship with learners' different psychological traits can have a tremendous effect on the success or failure of the students. Thus, the present research sought to investigate whether academic self-efficacy has an effect on the students' stress derived from the education expectations based on such mediating factor as the difficulty of emotion regulation. The research method was descriptive-correlational based on structural equations. The statistical population consisted of all 800 junior female high-school students, 9th grade, from 16 State schools in the third district of Tehran. To decide on the sample size according to the number of observed variables, assigning a coefficient of 25 for each (7 variables in the model), and taking the possibility of incomplete questionnaires into account, 200 people were chosen by cluster sampling method. The data were gathered using three questionnaires: self-efficacy (Jinks & Morgan, 1999), difficulty in emotion regulation (Gross & John, 2003), and educational expectation (Ang & Huan, 2006). Using the structural equation modelling, the data analysis revealed that educational self-efficacy and difficulty in emotion regulation had a direct and significant effect on the stress caused by educational expectations. Also, an indirect effect of educational self-efficacy with the mediation of difficulty in emotion regulation was captured and the research model was revealed to predict 63% of the stress variable due to educational expectations. The study revealed the importance of cognitive factors in explaining the stress caused by academic expectations.

This study aimed to assess the effect of spiritual therapy on psychological resilience and the spiritual well-being of caring for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test post-test design with control and intervention groups. The statistical population of the study included all caregivers of patients, who were referred to Tehran's hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic, for treatment between June and September 2021. Thirty caregivers who were willing to participate in the research were selected as the sample using purposive sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Each group of caregivers consisted of 15 individuals. Both experimental and control groups underwent a pretest on Conner & Davidson's (CD-RISC) Resiliency questionnaire and Spiritual well-being scale (SWBS). The experimental group received fourteen sessions of spiritual therapy (90-minute sessions twice a week), but the control group did not receive any spiritual therapy. In addition to descriptive statistics, Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the results and all analyzes were carried out using SPSS-18 software. Findings indicated that spiritual therapy showed a significant difference in the results among the two groups (P<0.001). Results showed significantly increased psychological resilience and the spiritual well-being mean scores of the caregivers in the experimental group compared to the control group after the intervention. Consequently, it is beneficial to implement practices to promote the psychological resilience and spiritual well-being of caregivers. This study provides important implications for clinical practice.

Adolescent depression is a widespread problem that receives little or no attention. The study looked at depression frequency and coping mechanisms among adolescents enrolled in school in Ilorin city, Kwara state. 400 teenagers were randomly selected from the group. The "Prevalence and Coping Strategies for Depression among In-School Adolescents Questionnaire" was used to gather information from the respondents (PCSDIAQ). The study questions were addressed in percentages, and the hypotheses were examined using the t-test and ANOVA statistical methods at a significance level of 0.05. The study's findings showed that more than 30% of in-school adolescents experience fatigue (59.0%), a preference for solitude (50.3%), a lack of interest in or enjoyment from activities (48.8%), and anger (more than 30%) for a few hours each day move so slowly that others might have seen it (39.5%). It was also found that 42.3% of respondents always play games to distract themselves from problems. In comparison, 44.5% of respondents avoided talking to people about their feelings for a short period of time, criticized themselves (28.8%), isolated themselves (24.5%), avoid social situations until they feel better about themselves (15.8%), constantly blame others (19.0%), and ignore problems (10.0%). According to the study, there were no appreciable differences in the frequency of depression among adolescents enrolled in school in the city of Ilorin depending on age, gender, or marital status. Gender and marital status had no significant impact on the coping mechanisms used by in-school adolescents to deal with their depression, while age had a substantial impact.

The present study investigated the role of emotional self-regulation about social support and psychological well-being in health care workers in the COVID‐19 pandemic. This was a descriptive-analytical study followed by a correlational design. This cross-sectional research was conducted on HCWs (medical, nursing, and volunteer COVID-19 workers) who worked in hospitals or clinic centers in Tehran, Iran from May–to August 2020. A total of 146 HCWs were selected using the random method. Research instruments included the Demographic information questionnaire, The Emotional Self-Regulation Inventory (SRI), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), AND The Ryff's scale of Psychological well-being, short-form (18-item). The collected data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the path analysis technique in SPSS (version 25) and SmartPLS (version 2) software. The bootstrapping test findings showed the direct effect of social support on psychological well-being was statistically confirmed (b =0.40, t=2.44) and the indirect effect or the full mediator effect of emotional self-regulation in the relationship between social support on psychological well-being was found to be significant (b =0.25, t=2.94). Thus, the full mediator role of emotional self-regulation in the relationship between social support on psychological well-being has been proven. The total effect of social support on psychological well-being was confirmed (b =0.65, t=2.79). These findings contribute to behavioral science knowledge and understanding of emotion regulation in enhancing social support and well-being during this pandemic and beyond.