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Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of examining the effectiveness of schema therapy on anger management and rumination in married women with high marital dissatisfaction. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design, utilizing a pretest-posttest control group with baseline assessment, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up measurements. A total of 30 married women with high marital dissatisfaction, who attended couples therapy clinics in the western part of Tehran between April and July 2022, were selected based on inclusion criteria and their willingness to participate in the research (with written informed consent obtained). These participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (schema therapy; n=15) or the control group (n=15) using random allocation. All participants completed the Anger Control Scale and Rumination Questionnaire at three stages of measurement. The therapy sessions were conducted in a group format over eight sessions, each lasting 1 to 1.5 hours, according to the schema therapy protocol. The hypotheses regarding the effectiveness of the intervention were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings: The results of this study indicated that there was no significant difference in the mean variables of anger management and rumination between the two groups at the pretest stage, suggesting the homogeneity of the research groups at this stage. However, there were significant differences between the two groups at the posttest and follow-up stages, indicating the effectiveness of the intervention on the mentioned variables and the persistence of its effects at the follow-up stage. A comparison between the experimental and control groups also revealed significant differences in the components of anger management and rumination. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the aforementioned therapy can be utilized as a psychological intervention to improve anger management and rumination in married women with high marital dissatisfaction.

Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the lived experiences of Zoroastrian-Muslim interfaith marriages in Iranian society, focusing on the challenges, outcomes, and strategies adopted by couples. Methods: This qualitative study employed interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to understand the participants' perspectives. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 13 male participants involved in interfaith marriages between Zoroastrians and Muslims in Iran. Theoretical sampling was used, and interviews were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding, with data saturation achieved after the 13th interview. The Atlas.ti software was used for coding and analysis to derive themes from the participants' narratives. Findings: The findings reveal both positive and negative outcomes of interfaith marriages. Negative consequences include social exclusion, personal dissatisfaction, and emotional stress due to religious and cultural conflicts. These challenges were exacerbated by legal constraints, such as the requirement for non-Muslims to convert to Islam for formal marriage registration. On the other hand, positive outcomes included personal growth, intellectual development, and enhanced social cohesion through exposure to different religious and cultural perspectives. Acceptance of differences and maturity were key factors in successful marriages. Social exclusion and family opposition were prevalent but varied based on gender and minority status. Conclusion: Interfaith marriages in Iran, particularly between Zoroastrians and Muslims, are fraught with complexities. While many couples experience significant challenges related to social exclusion and cultural conflicts, others find personal growth and mutual understanding through their relationships. These marriages reflect broader societal dynamics, where religious hegemony and legal frameworks play crucial roles in shaping outcomes. The study highlights the need for legal reforms and social support to foster inclusivity in interfaith marriages.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the mediating role of shame in the relationship between parental rejection and child emotion dysregulation among adolescents in Colombia. Methods: The research employed a descriptive correlational design using a sample of 482 adolescents aged 10 to 17, selected based on the Morgan and Krejcie sampling table. Participants were recruited from public and private schools in urban areas of Colombia. Standardized tools were used to measure perceived parental rejection, internalized shame, and emotion dysregulation. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation to assess bivariate relationships and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in AMOS-21 to evaluate the direct, indirect, and total effects within the hypothesized mediation model. Assumptions for normality, linearity, and multicollinearity were checked and confirmed prior to analysis. Findings: Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive associations between parental rejection and shame (r = .61, p < .001), parental rejection and emotion dysregulation (r = .58, p < .001), and shame and emotion dysregulation (r = .65, p < .001). SEM results indicated that the structural model had a good fit (χ²(84) = 211.63, χ²/df = 2.52, CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.055). Parental rejection significantly predicted shame (β = 0.61, p < .001), and shame significantly predicted emotion dysregulation (β = 0.54, p < .001). A significant direct effect was found from parental rejection to emotion dysregulation (β = 0.33, p < .001), alongside a significant indirect effect through shame (β = 0.33, p < .001), supporting full mediation. Conclusion: The findings suggest that shame is a critical emotional mechanism linking perceived parental rejection to difficulties in emotion regulation among adolescents. Targeting shame in therapeutic and educational interventions may mitigate the negative emotional consequences of parental rejection and promote emotional resilience in youth.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on relationship obsessive-compulsive disorder (ROCD) in women attending health centers. Methods: The research design was applied in terms of aim and was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design, two experimental groups, a control group, and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population included all women referred to health centers and a private counseling center in Chalous city in 2023. Twenty participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. To collect data, the Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Questionnaire by Doron et al. (2012) was used. For statistical analysis, SPSS-26 software, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc test were utilized. Findings: The results indicated that CBT (F=6.92, p<0.01) and ACT (F=6.97, p<0.01) had a significant impact on ROCD scores over time (p<0.01), suggesting that both interventions significantly reduced ROCD in women attending health centers. A significant difference was found between pretest and posttest scores for ROCD in both approaches (p<0.01), indicating the meaningful effectiveness of these two therapeutic methods. No significant difference was observed between posttest and follow-up scores (p>0.05), indicating the stability of the effects. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that both CBT and ACT can be used to reduce ROCD in women attending health centers, with no significant difference in the effectiveness of these therapeutic methods.

Objective: Psychological defense mechanisms reflect how individuals cope with conflicts and stress. This study aimed to describe defense mechanisms in medical interns and their correlation with spiritual health. Method: This cross-sectional study, characterized by its descriptive nature, was carried out among medical students during the 2019-2020 academic year. The participants were 168 medical interns who met the established study criteria and completed two questionnaires: The Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire (DSQ-40), devised by Andrews et al. (1993), and the Spiritual Health Questionnaire by Paloutzian and Ellison (1982). Data analysis was conducted utilizing SPSS version 25, employing Pearson correlation, t-tests, and ANOVA for statistical evaluation. Results: The mean score of mature defense mechanisms (43.31±16.83) among medical interns was higher than immature (98.52±52.8) and neurotic (36.75±18.3) defense mechanisms. The immature defense mechanism was significantly higher in males than in females (99.43±23.41 vs 108.47±23.21, p=0.014). Also, the mean score of immature defense mechanisms in single individuals was considerably higher than in married ones (106.66±24.02 vs 93.12±19.56, p=0.001). The spiritual health of interns had a significant and direct correlation (r=0.249) with mature defense mechanisms and a significant negative correlation (r=-0.336) with immature defense mechanisms. Conclusion: Higher spiritual health in medical interns is associated with greater use of mature defense mechanisms and lesser use of immature defense mechanisms.