درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of narrative-focused and solution-focused questioning on anxiety reduction in people withover anxiety disorder. The statistical population of this study was all patients suffering over anxiety disorder who referred to Sepand Counseling Center in Ardabil or the people who referred to the center by other specialists in 2016-2017. The subjects were selected through the available method from the clinical population. Of these patients, 30 patients (15 in each group) were interviewed and the Beck Anxiety Inventory was distributed among them as a pretest. Then, the narrative-focused and solution-focused questioning counseling program was implemented for 8 sessions of 2 hours. After the sessions, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (RCA) was repeatedly administered as a post-test. Results</strong>: The data analysis using content analysis method showed that there is a significant difference between the content narrative-focused and solution-focused questioning in the over anxiety disorder. Also, the result of the covariance analysis indicated that the effectiveness of the narrative-focused method is significantly more than the solution-focused questioning. Conclusion</strong>: Therefore, it can be concluded that the questioning technique is effective regardless of the counseling method, which was used at the level of a common and general change factor.

Background: The current study aimed to investigate the etiology and prevalence of suicide attempts in Ardabil Province, Iran. Methods: The study population included all individuals who attempted suicide referring to the hospitals during one year. Of whom, 582 subjects were selected by a convenience sampling method. This research was descriptive, epidemiologic type. The study instruments included a questionnaire to measure the prevalence of suicide attempts and related characteristics. Results: The obtained findings indicated that the prevalence of suicide attempts was higher among females and married individuals compared to males and single subjects. The suicide rate among housewives was higher than in other populations. Families with smaller people were more prone for attempting suicide. Besides, the rate of suicide was higher in high schools compared to other educational levels. Suicide attempt was more frequent in families by individuals with mental illnesses and those encountering family disputes, with drug poisoning as the most common method of a suicide attempt. Suicide attempts more commonly occurred in cities, in summer, and at night. Conclusion: Thus, appropriate interventions should be made at the level of families. Besides, greater attention should be paid to high school students and all individuals in the summer.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on university employees' work procrastination and work performance. This was an experimental study with pretest-posttest control groupdesign. In this study selected 56 employees by  Krejcie & Morgan (1970) technique. They were completed Work procrastination(Metin, Taris, & Peeters, 2016) and work performance(McColl, Paterson, Davies, Doubt, & Law, 2000) questionnaires. Then 24 participants who got a high score in work procrastination and low score in work performance were chosen. They were then randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. After that, the experimental group participated in 7 sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy and the control group received no intervention. Both groups were given pre-test and post-test before and after the intervention, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multivariate analysis of variance). Results indicated that the treatment had a significant effect on reducing work procrastination (F =6.57; P < 0.05), but had no effect on work performance.

Objective: The use of cohesive devices makes discourse comprehend. However, in the discourse of senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT) participants, the lack of the use of cohesive devices hinders effective communication. The present study aims to investigate cohesion in the discourse of SDAT participants. Understanding how these people manage their interactions may lead to suitable approaches for them. Method: The methodology of this quantitative research was ex post facto type. The present study has been performed in one of the nursing home in Kermanshah in 2019. And also, the statistic population of this study included 20 participants (10 SDAT participants and 10 normal elderly participants (NE)) who were matched based on age (63-75 years old), gender, illiteracy, and Kurdish language (Kalhori dialect) speaker. To determine the severity of dementia, the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) was performed. Then, the collected interviews were transcribed and coded. The data were analyzed based on Halliday and Hasan's theory (1976) and independent t-test was used to obtain the statistic results. Results: The findings indicate significant differences between groups using grammatical cohesive devices, such as reference (p=0.006), conjunction (p=0.004), ellipsis (p=0.007), and substitution (p=0.426) and lexical cohesive devices such as the same word (p=0.006), synonym (p=0.012), superordinate (p=0.001), general word (p=0.002), and collocation (p=0.387). Conclusion: The results show that grammatical and lexical cohesive devices are used less in the discourse of SDAT Kurdish speakers. However, in the discourse of both SDAT and NE groups, grammatical cohesive devices have more frequency than lexical cohesive devices.

Objective: One of the most important social factors that have been consistently identified as a predictor of healthy aging is marriage satisfaction. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of social support on marital satisfaction with mediating role of emotional loneliness and physical activity. Method: This study was descriptive and correlational based on structural equations. The statistical population consisted of all the elderly in the care centers of Shahrekord and Farsan in 2019, among whom 180 individuals were selected randomly. The participants filled out research instruments including Relationship Assessment scale (Hendrick, 1998), Perceived Social Support scale (Zimet, et al., 1988), Adult’s Social and Emotional Loneliness scale (DiTommasso, et al., 2004), and Leisure-time Activities scale (Godin, 1985). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used through SPSS (version 23) and AMOS (version 23) software to analyze the data. Findings: The results demonstrated direct effect of social support, emotional loneliness and physical activity on marital satisfaction (p <0.001), and indirect effect of perceived social support on marital satisfaction through emotional loneliness and physical activity (p <.05). Conclusion: The SEM results of the current study support the proposed model which explains the interrelationships between perceived social support, loneliness, physical activity, and marital satisfaction. According to the findings of the present study, it is suggested to pay more attention to the variables of social support, emotional loneliness and physical activity in order to improve the marital relationships of the elderly. The findings of this study can help psychologists and other caretakers create more effective family matter programs for the older generations to enhance their marital satisfaction.