درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Social control of cyberspace is a necessity to restrict online transgressions (non-normative behaviors), and reduce their disruptive effects. The current study aimed at examining the factors affecting social control of cybercultural transgressions. A questionnaire was administered to Iranian social media users, and 989 participants have filled it out. A path analysis model was constructed testing the effects of Low Self-Control, Depression, Negative Interpersonal Relationships, Computer/ Internet Self-Efficacy, Netiquette, and Normative Beliefs on Transgressive Behaviors, and Transgressive Content Consumption. The results showed that Low Self-Control increased both criterion variables, and fully or partially mediated the effects of other variables on them, except for Negative Interpersonal Relationships. The important contribution of the current study was the recognition of the role of self-control as a mediator among examined variables. The findings of this study can be employed to devise new policies and initiatives to socially control the cybercultural transgressions, without applying coercion.   

Purpose: This study was an attempt to find the impact of audio corrective feedback on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ writing improvement at micro and macro levels using static and dynamic assessment methods. Methodology: This study employs a quasi-experimental design; The study population comprises individuals residing in Yazd, Iran, aged between 22 and 30 years old, and possessing intermediate-level proficiency in the English language.Forty Iranian intermediate EFL learners were randomly chosen and assigned to two groups of static and dynamic assessment, each comprising 20 learners. Both groups received audio corrective feedback on the micro (grammatical range and accuracy and lexical resource) and macro (task response and coherence and cohesion) writing skills. The data were collected by the pre-test and post-test of writing and analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Findings: The results revealed significant effects of audio corrective feedback on EFL learners' writing skills. Improvements were observed in grammatical accuracy (F = 12.45, p < 0.01), lexical resource (F = 9.67, p < 0.05), task response (F = 14.32, p < 0.01), and coherence and cohesion (F = 11.21, p < 0.01). Furthermore, comparison between the static and dynamic assessment groups showed a more pronounced improvement in the dynamic group, with significant differences in micro skills (F = 5.78, p < 0.05) and macro skills (F = 6.34, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the dynamic assessment approach had a statistically significant effect on enhancing both micro and macro-level writing skills among the participants. Notably, it had a more pronounced impact on the improvement of task response and grammatical range and accuracy. This highlights the potential of dynamic assessment as a valuable tool for educators and curriculum designers to promote more comprehensive writing skill development in Iranian EFL learners.

Purpose: Considering the importance of sports service small businesses in creating a competitive advantage in this field, the present research was conducted with the aim of providing a framework of analyzing the effective factors on the success of small businesses of sports service. Methodology: This research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was qualitative. The statistical population of the current study was all active managers and experts in small businesses of sports services, which number of 16 people of them were selected as a sample according to the principle of theoretical saturation and with the purposive sampling method. The tool of the current research was a semi-structured interview, which its validity was confirmed by triangulation method and its reliability was obtained by Cohen's kappa coefficient method 0.803 and the data obtained from its implementation were analyzed by open, axial and selective coding method in MAXQDA software. Findings: The findings showed that for the effective factors on the success of small businesses of sports service were identified 81 indicators, 23 components and 8 dimensions. The dimensions were included environmental (with three components of government support, legal environment and competitive environment), business plan (with three components of capital, information and work force), organization (with two components of suitability of job and employee and business institutional relations), marketing and information (with three components of marketing plans, networking and market orientation), financial affairs and facilities (with four components of budget, economic fluctuations, infrastructure and equipment and facilities), innovation (with three components of innovation in management, innovation in services and innovation in process), models consumption of sports services (with two components of consumption behavior and purchase patterns) and consequences of business success (with three components of commercialization, branding and sports participation). Finally, the pattern of the framework of analyzing the effective factors on the success of small businesses of sports service was drawn. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the success of small businesses of sports service depends on many factors. Therefore, in order to achieve success in small businesses of sports service, it is possible to provide the basis for improving the identified indicators, components and dimensions in the current research.