درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Food production in controlled cultivation areas plays a crucial role in increasing productivity and offsetting supply shortages. Product yields, water consumption, and energy use are the main parameters determining the performance of food production in a greenhouse. Smart technology is an effective solution to improve these parameters. This study aimed to identify the components, challenges, and requirements for the development of smart agriculture in greenhouses. Our case study focused on Tehran province, which encompasses a significant portion of the total greenhouses in Iran. The statistical population consisted of 20 subject-matter experts with research or executive experience in greenhouse automation, selected purposefully. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used in this study to collect data. First, we identified the variables affecting the development of smart agriculture in greenhouses by using a literature review and semi-structured interviews with experts, Then, the experts were asked to evaluate the cross-influence of the identified variables through pairwise comparison. Finally, data analysis was done using MICMAC software. The findings indicate that the identified requirements and challenges have had a significant influence on the lack of smart agriculture in greenhouses. Through network analysis of influence and dependence relationships, it was found that economic requirements and challenges, technical and infrastructural requirements and challenges, legal and regulatory requirements, and institutional requirements were the most influential variables in the development of smart agriculture in Tehran province.

Over the past few years, Bitcoin's price has fluctuated significantly, making it a hot topic in finance research. Numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether Bitcoin is a reliable currency. This study aims to investigate how the Dollar Index and Gold Return Rate affect Bitcoin's price, using a non-linear approach with the NARDL method. The findings show that the Gold Return Rate (G) and Dollar Index Return Rate significantly negatively impact Bitcoin's return. Additionally, based on non-linear and asymmetric tests, the assumption of symmetry in the results for all variables, except nominal interest rate and commodity index return, is rejected. This indicates that the impact of the Gold Return Rate, nominal interest rate, fluctuations in the US stock market, and oil price return is asymmetric. These results confirm the non-linear nature of these relationships. They also demonstrate that Bitcoin's return has been able to protect itself to a certain degree against the US dollar or some other investments.