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This study aimed to investigate the effect of rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) on the reduction of anxiety, depression, and distress in people with an anxiety disorder. The present study was applied and quasi-experimental in terms of the method (consisting of pre-test, post-test, and control group). The population of this study consisted of people with anxiety disorder referred to Loghman Hospital in Tehran. 20 people who were selected as participants based on the inclusion criteria, were randomly divided into two groups (i.e. REBT and control groups) equally (10 people in each group). Experimental pretest and posttest were performed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) and the participants in the experimental group underwent the experiment for three months (a two-hour session per week). The results were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results showed that REBT intervention was significantly effective in reducing patients' distress, depression, and anxiety. Thus, REBT can be effective in reducing patients’ psychological problems by helping them recognize their irrational beliefs better and reduce their anxiety (self-blame) and hostility (blaming others and the universe).

Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between differentiations of self with social anxiety with the mediating role of mindfulness in obese women of Tehran city. Statistical analysis: The statistical population of this study was all women clients to Ayat Health Center in Tehran with BMI>_ 30 had active file by Clinic expert. The sample consisted of 103 clients, selected by simple random sampling method. The tools used in this study were social phobia, differentiation of self and mindfulness Questionnaires. Fitness of the proposed model was examined through structural equation modeling (SEM), using SPSS-18 version and Lisrel software. Findings: Mindfulness has mediating role in relation between differentiations of self with social anxiety. The proposed model also fitted well with the data. Conclusion: Considering the important role of mindfulness in reducing social anxiety, it seems that mindfulness education should be considered in the educational programs of health houses and health centers.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on adherence to appropriate treatment and food intake in patients with type 2 diabetes. The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test with control group and 3-month follow-up period. The statistical population of this study consists of all people with type 2 diabetes admitted to the Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Clinic in Tehran, whose number was equal to 73 people. To conduct an experimental study with two groups (experimental and control) by selecting 15 subjects for each group can achieve a test power of 0.88. The sample sizes were divided into two experimental groups (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15) by available sampling. Inclusion and exclusion criteria are type 2 diabetes with a doctor's approval, at least one year of illness, and absence of more than 2 sessions in treatment sessions. The general compliance questionnaire (GAS) and the feed frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were administered to both groups. The control group waited and the mindfulness intervention for the experimental node was performed in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Research data were analyzed using descriptive statistics using repeated measures analysis of variance. The results showed that mindfulness training based on stress reduction, adherence to treatment and proper nutrition of patients with type 2 diabetes has significantly increased (P0.05) and this increase has remained constant over time.

Objective: <span class="fontstyle2">This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, logo therapy, and schema therapy on reducing stress, anxiety, and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods: <span class="fontstyle2">The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The study population consisted of all members of the MS Society of Iran located in Tehran in 2019, and the sample consisted of 60 members of the Association who were selected using the convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group (15 people for each group). All four groups were tested by DASS-21 scale, and then the experimental groups underwent mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, logo therapy, and schema therapy in 12 Two-hour sessions for 12 weeks, but the control group did not receive any training. Analysis was performed using SPSS22 in two parts: descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: <span class="fontstyle2">The results of analysis showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has been effective on reducing stress (f= 110.90, p <0,001), anxiety (f= 88.92, p <0,001), and depression (f= 32.29, p <0,001) in patients with multiple sclerosis. Also it was shown that logo therapy was effective on stress (f= 264.60, p <0,001), anxiety (f= 175, p <0,001), and depression (f= 305.07, p <0,001), and schema therapy was effective on reducing stress (f=110.90, p <0,001), anxiety (f= 88.92, p <0,001), and depression (f= 32.29, p <0,001) in patients with multiple sclerosis. Also, the comparison of means showed that in the variables of stress, anxiety, and depression, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, logo therapy, and schema therapy were effective. Conclusions: <span class="fontstyle2">The findings of this study confirmed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, logo therapy, and schema therapy were effective in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Following the pandemic of corona disease in Iran and around the world, the most important goal of health policies focused on compliance with prevention behaviors, and its evaluating. One of the most effective model based on social psychology is Health Belief Model that has been employed in many studies as different aspects of preventive behaviors. Objectives: The main purpose was study the relationship between compliance with preventive behaviors of corona disease with health belief model, and predicting the high level and low level of compliance with these behaviors based on health belief model variables. Methods: The present study was a descriptive-correlational study in terms of its method. The statistical population consisted of all adults aged +20 who lived in Tehran. 472 voluntary subjects were selected through online recall method. The instruments of the study included the compliance with preventive behaviors of corona scale (CPBC), and the corona health belief model inventory (CHBM). Both measures were developed and standardized by the researchers. Data were analyzed by using regression analysis. Results: The Means of CPBC in all participants was 3.38 ± 0.83, thereupon two groups were formed accordingly, as high group (4.18±0.17) and low group (1.92±0/28). The findings show that high level of compliance could be predict by severity, benefits; and barriers; and low level of compliance by age, benefits, and barriers. Conclusion: Since preventive behaviors were known as the best way to control of corona virus outbreak, there is a great value of identifying variables that might mitigate or exacerbate compliance could contribute greatly to the development of more effective health planning in Iranian society. Therefore, increase the benefits and reduce the barriers of prevention behaviors could be effective, and consequently, corona virus transmission could be decreased.

Objective: To investigate whether neuroticism and extraversion predicted job-related affective wellbeing of people working under stressful conditions, notably emergency room nurses. Also, to investigate whether perceived job stress mediated the relationship between neuroticism, extraversion and job-related affective well-being. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was administered to 242 nurses working at an emergency room in Tehran, Iran, recruited through census sampling, including two sub-scales of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, the Job-Related Affective Well-Being Scale, and the Job Stress Questionnaire. Structural Equation Modelling was deployed for data analysis using SPSS Amos v22.0 and PROCESS macro for SPSS, setting significance threshold at p<.05. Results: Direct and statistically significant effects of neuroticism (β = -.17, p<.005) and extraversion (β = .41, p<.001) on perceived job stress were found, as well as a negative effect of extraversion on job-related affective well-being (β = -.27, p<.001). Perceived job stress was found to negatively predict job-related affective well-being (β = -0.60, p<.001). There was no significant relationship between neuroticism and job-related affective well-being. The mediating effect of perceived job stress was supported (p<.001). Conclusion: Results have theoretical implications for research about the relationship between personality traits and job-related well-being of employees working under stressful conditions. As for practical implications, hospital managers might implement workplace interventions to enhance nurses’ job-related affective well-being and reduce nurses’ job stress. In this context, extraversion and job stress should be understood as psychosocial risk factors, whereas neuroticism should be conceived as a protective factor against job stress.

Background and Purpose: Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders, the contracting of which causes numerous physical, psychological and social consequences. However, there are a number of defense mechanisms humans possess, which are responsible for protecting an individual against the stress, anxieties and pressures of everyday life. Accordingly, the present study was undertaken with the aim of comparatively investigating the defense mechanisms in a group of woman with temporal lobe epilepsy against a non-clinical group of females. Materials & Methods: The research design of the present study was based on a causal-comparative case study. The statistical population of the study consisted of all epileptic women and their normal counterparts who had referred to Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran during the first half of 2019. The sample population included 40 female patients already diagnosed with temporal lobe epilepsy by neurologists through electro-encephalography who were randomly selected and compared to their 40 normal counterparts. The two studied groups were similar in terms of age, education and marital status. Research data were gathered using the Andrews Defense Mechanism Questionnaire (DSQ40) and analyzed by the SPSS24 software program employing multivariate statistical analysis of variance. Results: There was a significant difference (p <0.05) between the defense mechanism used in epileptic women and that of healthy women. Conclusion: It can be concluded that women with epilepsy have different defense mechanisms and are more likely to use immature mechanisms and neurotic defense mechanisms (only in terms of False Altruism ) when compared to normal women

Background: The aim of the present study was to predict cognitive failures in the elderly based on personality dimensions and lifestyle and examine the mediating role of negative emotions as a model. Materials and Methods: This research is of correlation type and its statistical population included all the elderly in Tehran. In the present study, 150 elderly persons participated by convenience sampling method. Research instruments were cognitive failures, Eysenck Personality Inventory, lifestyle scale and Negative emotions. In order to analyze the data, the path analysis and stepwise regression analysis were used. Results: The results showed that personality dimensions and lifestyle can significantly and negatively predict emotions and cognitive failures and finally with respect to the proposed model, it was found that lifestyle and personality dimensions could significantly predict cognitive failures through the mediation negative emotions. Conclusions: The result obtained from this study can be used to identify the groups vulnerable to cognitive failures and make necessary recommendations to the experts to understand the causes and etiology, consultation and prevention of cognitive failures.

Background: Gratitude is a general state of thankfulness and appreciation. The majority of empirical studies indicate that there is an association between gratitude and a sense of overall well being..Currently, mental health is especially important in some occupations with harsh work conditions which require strong personal and mental capacities. Psychological well-being and happiness is especially important in personnel working in the healthcare sector. This study aimed to assess whether gratitude training affects psychological well-being and happiness in hospital personnel. Method: In this semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test, 72 personnel working in 5 hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, participated. The participants were randomly divided into intervention and control groups using block randomization. Then, the participants in the intervention group were given 10 group sessions of 90 minutes gratitude training. Ryff’s Scale of Psychological Well Being, Subjective Happiness Scale, Gratitude Questionnaire-6, and a Gratitude training package were used for data collection. Results: The results show that there is no significant difference in the mean scores of psychological well-being, domains of psychological well-being, and happiness between the two groups at baseline, and gratitude training significantly affected all domains of psychological well-being (except for autonomy) and happiness. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that Gratitude training is effective in enhancing psychological well-being and Happiness.

Objective: The goal of the present research is to determine the degree of the efficiency of group approach of ACT on the life quality of elderly people suffering from ARMD. Method: The research is a semi experimental study with the pre, post-test and experimental and control groups. The research population was the aging men and women suffering from ARMD selected from Karaj Nour-e-Didegan Ophtalmology Clinic. The sample of the research was 28 people were chosen through random sampling method and divided into two experimental and control groups. The program of approaching based upon therapy through ACT in the collective form within 8 sessions of 120 minutes. Results: The results were analyzed by studying the ANOVA with repeated measure and LSD and the result showed a significant meaning of the efficiency of ACT on sub scales of the life quality, physical sanity and psycho sanity. But no significant meaning was achieved to affirm the efficiency of ACT upon the environmental sanity. These effects did not persist on the process of follow- up. Conclusion: With regard to the research findings, one can employ ACT to improve life quality of the aged people who suffer from ARMD.