درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spatial justice in different dimensions (physical, social, economic, and environmental) in order to have balance regarding four regions of Shahriyar city. The spatial justice approach in a city is used for controlling and reducing the physical-spatial inequalities as well as a fair distribution of municipal services and facilities in different areas of the city. In this study, the spatial justice of four areas of Shahriyar city was evaluated with 13 criteria and 27 indicators. This study was carried out through exploratory-analytical research method that used two models of the analytic hierarchy and the shortest distance. Eventually, the final map of different access levels was drawn through combining fuzzy logic with these two models. The findings and obtained results through Topsis model indicated that area 1 of Shahriyar city had the highest rank in social, economic, physical, and environmental indicators. However, the area 3 had unfavorable economic and physical conditions, and area 2 had unfavorable environmental conditions. Having integrated Topsis and Fuzzy models, it was shown that areas 1 and 2 were considered as privileged regions and areas 3 and 4 were respectively determined as the semi-privileged and nonprivileged regions. Moreover, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method indicated that areas 1 and 4 had better conditions and areas 3 and 2 are respectively on the lower levels. Finally, after combining the results of fuzzy and AHP models, the final map was designed. It showed that the areas 1 and 4 were privileged regions; areas 3 and 4 were respectively the semi-privileged and underprivileged regions of the Shahriyar city. Generally, the results of this study indicated that the physical-spatial development of Shahriyar city was unbalanced and did not meet the conditions of equity-based city.

Ever-increasing population and urbanization have had a detrimental effect on the cities and the continuing urbanization resulted in the social, economic, and environmental problems of the cities which is a crisis and the warning for the cities’ sustainability. This situation is also the case in many cities in Iran, which are faced with the consequences of urban rapid growth and the lack of sufficient financial and human resources in the management process. It is well understood that the livability based on the participation of residents in a neighborhood emphasizes on the social capital, public participation and the sense of belonging of the neighborhood residents. This, with an emphasis on the role of people and community in the neighborhood, can provide better outcome to the neighborhood in identifying neighborhood problems and subsequently decision making, planning and the related authorities in a neighborhood. Indicators of this study are socioeconomic, physical, and environmental indicators. The purpose of this research is to identify the threats, opportunities and capabilities of Zone1 in District 9 by using a survey in the form of a five-point Likert scale. This study was done by using the SWOT model and prioritizing them using a Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). The results of the research show that the construction of class parking, the construction of a hangout, the rehabilitation of existing gardens and parks, defining of the incentive development projects in the state and municipal lands, are of the basic needs of the neighborhood and have the highest priority which are mostly physical and infrastructural.

Microclimate in open space affected by the urban layout and spatial forms plays an important role in the outdoor comfort, thus the outdoor activities based on the comfort sensation will directly affected by the spatial forms. An outstanding open space should satisfy different requirements of outdoor activities and create relatively comfortable place.Most studies have been conducted on these relationships only above 0 Celsius degree. However, only few have focused on extreme situations in both hot summer and cold winter. Therefore, from microclimate perspective, taking people’s comfort and spatial behaviors as criterions, this research discussed how the open space forms affect microclimate, thus affect comfort sensation and spatial behaviors. The outcomes may provide some useful insights for planners and architects to understand the relationship among microclimate, open space and people. Results showed that in hot season, shade and air-flow played crucial roles in outdoor comfort. More people tend to stay outside in the shade and the area with higher air velocity. After sunset is popular period for outdoor activities. The ambient temperature lower than 29.6 ℃ , air velocity higher than 1.1m/s and relative humidity higher than 67% is needed to achieve neutral comfort sensation. In cold season, at the same ambient temperature, lower air velocity raised the comfort level. Shade also had influences on comfort sensation but do not affect spatial behaviors significantly. The ambient temperature higher than -14.4 ℃ , air velocity lower than 1.6m/s is the thresholds for an acceptable outdoor environment.

This paper aims to inform design strategies for regulating privacy in coworking spaces. Coworking spaces are growing at a high rate, yet studies related to the social, psychological, behavioral and physical needs associated with these environments are limited. The growth of coworking spaces is in greater part facilitated by a drive towards greater interaction and collaboration among the workforce. With this apparent intent to promote collaboration and interaction, this study argues that there is need to focus on the conflict between interaction and privacy in coworking spaces. The paper synthesizes extensive environment and behavior literature and extends a conceptual argument of privacy regulation in coworking spaces. The article focuses on privacy regulation through the physical environment and behavioral mediums. The findings demonstrate that features of the physical environment comprising of barriers and fields are powerful tools that can be used to regulate users’ privacy within coworking spaces. The findings also show that understanding behavioral mediums such as personal space and territoriality and their conscious consideration in the design of coworking spaces may allow supportive working environments that respond to a wider range of users’ privacy needs. The ideas discussed in this paper seek to provide architects and interior designers with a guide to address numerous privacy issues, not only in coworking spaces but also other comparable innovation centers that may emerge in future economies.

By increasing house demand for living, the urban development planning has turned to towers, which provides a platform for the growth of the city, regardless of the traditional Iranian's architecture. Among the vital elements in traditional architecture, there are a variety of open and semi-open spaces such as the central courtyard, pool, veranda, balcony, etc that have been provided the needs for social interactions, privacy and other values among the inhabitants, but it is almost destroyed by the contemporary architecture. Therfore the necessity is to turn social interactions into spaces of residential complexes. Since in the variety of the quality of spaces, the architect has the most effective role, in a branch of interactive architecture, the most important thing is the interaction with the external environment that countless theorists have focused on this. The purpose is to explain the effective components of open and semi-open spaces in the presence and increase of social interactions in residential complexes. The research method was qualitative and based on the experts' descriptions, the characteristics of open and semi-open spaces were extracted and then their impact and interaction on the quality of space were investigated and adapted to the final model of interactive residential complex. Factors such as quality, security, the possibility of the presence of children, sense of belonging to the place and social discipline in different types of open and semi-open spaces, can have an effect on the adaptation of the spatial structure of residential complexes on the more interactions of residents.