درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present a model of personal self-efficacy of secondary school teachers Methodology: The method of this research was qualitative and the data theory theory paradigm model was used. The statistical population included experts, specialists, officials and experts on education and faculty members in the fields of educational management and psychology, Using purposive sampling method with maximum diversity to achieve theoretical saturation, 21 people were interviewed as semi-structured interviews. For validity and validity of the data, two methods of reviewing participants and reviewing non-participating experts in the research were used. The collected data were analyzed using MAXQDA software during three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Findings: The findings showed that 27 general categories within the framework of the paradigm model, in three categories of effective planning and evaluation, environmental conditions and respect and motivational and social characteristics of the job (causal conditions), in seven categories of constructive interaction and ethics Teaching skills and teaching competence, decision-making and problem-solving skills, teacher morale and perseverance, classroom management, student involvement and application of teaching methods (central phenomenon of personal self-efficacy of secondary school teachers), in four categories of management style and facilities, Students’ motivation and skills, competitive environment and successful models and characteristics of teachers (background conditions), in four categories: system inadequacy, economic and cultural problems, educational and attitude challenges, and processes and standards (intervening conditions), in five Creating dynamic self-efficacy structures and centers, encouraging and increasing teachers’ skills, improving teachers’ motivation and commitment, and establishing professional systems in education (strategies), in four categories: improving teacher satisfaction and relationships between teachers and students, improving the quality of education and Teaching, reducing burnout and improving mental health, modeling self-efficacy and improving performance (PIA) Mods) has been extracted. Conclusion: Teachers’ personal self-efficacy includes three components: self-efficacy for student engagement, self-efficacy for classroom management, and self-efficacy for teaching strategies

Purpose: The aim of this study was a comparative study of media literacy curriculum policy in the educational system of leading countries and Iran. Methodology: The approach of the research was qualitative approach and the method used in it was comparative-analytical method. The research population in this study included all valid scientific documents, including books, articles in specialized journals related to media literacy, from which the works related to the subject were selected using purposive sampling method and appropriate to the research objectives of the case. Were analyzed and data were collected by documentary method, Descriptive analysis method was used in data analysis. Based on the research question, a framework for data analysis was considered. Based on this framework, the required data from available resources were selected, organized, and then their similarities and differences were identified and compared and interpreted. Findings: Based on the results of this study, the concerns and views on content, necessities and goals of media literacy in different countries are largely similar and educational planners try to maintain their cultural identity in the use of different media. . The results also showed that media literacy has been considered as one of the most effective monitoring tools in the countries. Also, according to the results of the research, the most important differences between the selected countries and Iran in this regard was that the goal of these countries is to institutionalize the media literacy curriculum in an organized manner and in the form of codified policies and long-term plans, but in Iran. Although this issue has been emphasized in the upstream documents, due to the lack of sufficient infrastructure, lack of culture appropriate to the age of technology and teachers not being familiar with this knowledge, these conditions have not been provided and implementation in schools has been unsuccessful. Several years of implementation have not yet led to a successful indigenous approach and model for implementing this skill in schools. Conclusion: The results showed that the concerns and views on the content, necessities and goals of media literacy in different countries are largely similar and educational planners try to maintain their cultural identity in the use of different media.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to determine the structural relationships between mode metacognition and cyberspace with self-efficacy mediation in gifted students in Ghaemshahr, Babol, and Sari. There is a structure. Methodology: The method was correlation using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study consisted of all 1000 gifted female high school students in three grades (first, second and third) of Ghaemshahr, Babol and Sari cities. For each observed variable (18 variables observed in the model), and considering the possibility of incomplete questionnaires, 350 people were selected as the sample size by census method. جعفری & Kalantari (2016) cyberspace questionnaire, Morris (2001) self-efficacy questionnaire and Onil & Abedi (1996) mode metacognition questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 and AMOS 23 software. Findings: The results show that mode metacognition has a direct effect on the tendency of cyberspace in gifted students of Ghaemshahr, Babol and Sari. Conclusions: Therefore, those who have learned poor cognitive adjustment strategies may be more susceptible to using high-risk behaviors as a means of alleviating negative cognition than others.

Purpose: The aim of present research was determine the modeling of self-regulation based on cognitive flexibility with mediated role of psychological hardiness in students. Methodology: The present study was descriptive, correlational type. The research population was all secondary high school students of Tehran city in academic years of 2019-20, which from them 499 students were selected by step cluster sampling method. Data were collected by self-regulation questionnaire (Bouffard & et al, 1995), cognitive flexibility inventory (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010) and psychological hardiness scale (Lang & Goulet, 2003) and analyzed by structural equation modeling method in SPSS-22 and Amos-21 software. Findings: The findings showed that the model of self-regulation based on cognitive flexibility with mediated role of psychological hardiness in students had a good fit. Also, cognitive flexibility on psychological hardiness and psychological hardiness on self-regulation had significant direct effect (P<0.001), while cognitive flexibility on self-regulation had not significant direct effect (P>0.05). In Addition, cognitive flexibility with mediated of psychological hardiness on self-regulation had significant indirect effect (P=0.009). Conclusion: Regarded to the results, school counselors and psychologists can via increasing cognitive flexibility and psychological hardiness directly and indirectly led to improve self-regulation of students.

Purpose: The aim of tis research was presenting model of rotation from centralization to reducing of focus on the field of formality and power in decision-making of staff levels in education of Tehran. Methodology: Present research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation was quantitative. The study population was the principals and employees of the staff level of education ministry and the principals and teachers of secondary high schools of Tehran city in the academic years of 2018-19, which based on Cochran's formula from them, were selected 440 people by simple random and multi-stage cluster sampling methods. To collect data was used from 37-items researcher-made questionnaire that its content validity was confirmed by experts and the structure validity of instrument was confirmed by factor analysis and its reliability was calculated 0.94 by Cronbach's alpha method. Data were analyzed with exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling methods in SPSS and AMOS software. Findings: The findings showed that the model of rotation from centralization to reducing of focus on the field of formality and power in decision-making had six components of formality, power in decision-making, horizontal communication, delegation of authority, information technology and school-based. Also, the mentioned model had a good fit and all six components of formality, power in decision-making, horizontal communication, delegation of authority, information technology and school-based had a significant direct effect on the rotation from centralization to reducing of focus (P<0.05). Conclusion: Regarded to the results of the present study through improving the components of formality, power in decision-making, horizontal communication, delegation of authority, information technology and school-based can be achieved from centralization to reducing of focus on the field of formality and power in decision-making.

Perpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Friendship Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ-F) in students. Methodology: In a descriptive-correlation and validation study, 216 and 226 graduate students from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad selected through multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected using the Friendship Self-Regulation Questionnaire (Ryan & Connell, 1989), Basic Need Satisfaction in Relationships (LaGuardia, et all, 2002) and Subjective Vitality Scale-State level Version (Ryan & Frederick, 1997). Internal consistency, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and criterion validity were analyzed. Findings: The results showed that the scale had four-factor structure with the variance explained 67.20%. The confirmatory factor analysis was confirmed. The scale had good construction reliability. The criterion validity confirmed in relation to basic need satisfaction in relationships and subjective vitality in friendship (P≤0.01). Conclusion: The Friendship Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ-F) had good internal consistency as well as exploratory and confirmatory validity in students. This questionnaire can be used as a valid instrument in future studies.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate the indicators and dimensions of psychological empowerment of professors in the faculty members of the Azad University of East Azerbaijan Province. Methodology: Research method in terms of applied purpose; In terms of data collection method, it was descriptive-survey and in terms of data type, it was a combination (qualitative-quantitative) of confirmatory type. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the research were experts familiar with the field of psychological empowerment of professors, and the quantitative part of the statistical population included members of the faculty of the Islamic Azad University of East Azerbaijan Province (450 people). The sample size in the qualitative section was determined using purposive non-random sampling method and the principle of theoretical saturation of 25 people and in the quantitative section using Cochran's formula, 207 people were selected as the sample. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part. To ensure the validity of the interview, the triangulation method (three-way) was used. To ensure the reliability of the interview, the recoding method was used and to validate part of the experts' point of view, the content and structure validity was used to assess the validity of the questionnaire, which showed the validity of the instrument. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the interview; Coding, factor analysis and univariate t-test using LISREL software were used to analyze the data. Findings: The results showed that the variables of organizational culture, organizational structure, organizational monitoring system, organizational reward system, organizational management systems had a significant effect on the psychological empowerment of faculty members in the Islamic Azad University of East Azerbaijan Province. Conclusion: Based on the research findings, paying attention to various structural, cultural and managerial factors can enhance the psychological empowerment of professors.

Purpose: Considering the role and importance of passion in elementary students, the present study was conducted with the aim of constructing and standardizing passion quotient test in elementary students. Methodology: This study was a descriptive from type of correlation. The population of this research was elementary students in District 5 of Tehran city in the academic year of 2019-20, which number of 500 people of them was selected as a sample by multi-step cluster sampling method. For passion quotient was prepared a researcher-made test (20 items) and its psychometric indices were examined. For this purpose, the content validity of the instrument was calculated by opinion experts, its structural validity was calculated by exploratory factor analysis by principal components method and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha and combined methods. For analyze data were used from SPSS-25 and LISREL-8.8 statistical software. Findings: The results showed that the content validity of the instrument was confirmed by opinion experts and its construct validity by factor analysis method indicated the existence of four factors of interest, sensation seeking, focus and intimacy in relationships. The reliability of total and factors of interest, sensation seeking, focus and intimacy in relationships with Cronbach's alpha method were calculated 0.94, 0.88, 0.70, 0.90 and 0.71, respectively and with combined method were calculated 0.96, 0.90, 0.88, 0.91 and 0.83, respectively. Conclusion: Passion quotient test with four factors of interest, sensation seeking, focus and intimacy in relationships had good validity and reliability. Therefore, it can be used to investigate and measure the passion quotient of elementary students to plan to improve their passion and motivation.