درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The current research was conducted with the aim of providing a model of international strategic business renewal in the country's pharmaceutical industry in a combined manner in two qualitative and quantitative phases. In the first phase, the research data was obtained from in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 18 subject matter experts, including entrepreneurs, managers, and senior experts in the pharmaceutical industry in Tehran province, which was based on purposeful sampling dependent on the selection criteria and until reaching the theoretical saturation of this process continued. The validity of the research data was checked and confirmed by going back to the participants and external auditors. Data analysis was done based on the Strauss and Corbin model in the form of open, axial, and selective coding in the Atlas TI8 software. The results of the research showed that entrepreneurial, organizational, managerial, environmental, marketing, international strategy, lean supply chain, social component, organizational performance, and financial performance components are important in designing the international strategic renewal model of pharmaceutical industry businesses. In the second phase of the research, according to the managers and experts of the Ministry of Privacy, there were 681 elites of the Ministry of Privacy, of which 248 research samples were identified using Morgan's sample size table; The tool for collecting information in this section was a researcher-made questionnaire in a five-point Likert spectrum; In order to estimate the validity of the questionnaire, content validity was used using the CVR method and confirmatory factor analysis; Also, the reliability of the tool was estimated to be higher than 0.7 through Cronbach's alpha. The results showed that causal conditions with (0.39), contextual conditions with (0.55), and intervening conditions with (0.34) have an effect on strategies, and strategies have an effect on outcomes with (0.85).

"Organizational culture" is a shared and relatively stable pattern of basic values, beliefs, and convictions in an organization. Considering the importance of organizational ethical culture in the country, and especially in public and private organizations, also considering the role of culture as a guarantee of stability in this organization. This descriptive-analytical research aims at identifying and leveling the factors affecting the organizational ethical culture in the audit firm by applying The Pairwise comparisons ISM method was performed.Method:For this purpose, by using the studies and research done in the past and also benefiting from the opinions of fifteen university professors and employees of the auditing organization, the factors affecting the organizational culture were investigated and after the final approval, 9 factors were selected. In the next steps, these factors are used in the research with the interpretive structural modeling technique and with the method of ISM pairwise comparisons and EXCEL software.Findings:Finally, among the investigated factors on "organizational ethical culture", five general levels were classified. The "Working pressure" was selected as the first level. At the second level, the parameters of "performance measurement system", "power structures", and "incentive and punishment systems" were confirmed. The third level also includes "management of educational programs" and "organizational norms". The fourth level is dedicated to "Employee Behaviors". Finally, the fifth level, the most influential parameter of "Organizational Ethical Culture", was declared to be trusted.

Background: Karate consists of two somewhat different disciplines, kata, and kumite; each one may have a different effect on foot structure and dynamics in the longterm.   Aim : As pedobarography is indicative of foot function, the present study aimed to compare pedobarographic profile during gait between young females participating in international kata and kumite competitions and non-karate-ka females. Materials and Methods: Displacement and velocity of the center of pressure, and peak pressure in ten regions of the foot of 10 kata-ka, 12 kumite-ka, and 16 non-karate-ka were measured with a pressure platform during barefoot walking. Results: Peak pressure in the lateral-heel and lateral-toes of kata-ka and kumite-ka was significantly lower than non-karate-ka ( P <0.05). Furthermore, peak pressure in the kata-ka midfoot was lower than non-karate-ka ( P =0.01 in medial-foot, P =0.01 in lateral-midfoot). In the anteroposterior direction, center of pressure velocity and displacement were significantly different among the three groups ( P <0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the practice of repeated intensive karate exercises has a demonstrable effect on foot progression, dynamic loading velocity, and plantar load distribution during gait. Moreover, practicing kata probably has a greater impact on the measured parameters.