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Banjarmasin is known as a tidal waterfront city and it is called City of a Thousand Rivers. The city level was approximately -16 cm below the sea level and almost a swamp-land. The urbanization and the city development programs have changed the city’s physical and spatial plan from a wetland to a mainland structure. The issues of the city's transformation have changed the city structure from the waterfront city into the mainland city. Confusion about its architectural identity occurs in the tidal land context from the water-based architectural typology transformation to land-based architectural typology. Reinterpretation of architectural identity needs to be made so that the image of the tidal city will not disappear. The purpose of this study is to revive the architectural identity of Banjarmasin city. This research will be useful for academic and practices for the local management control of the city’s government The research procedures could be interpreted as typo-morphological in a tidal waterfront city, through several approaches employing the interpretive-descriptive-retrospective methods in the history of Banjarmasin’s urban development and Banjar’s community adaptation in this tidal environment.The research findings are: The architectural identity of tidal city can be found in the adaptation of Banjar’s community behavior; The architectural tidal identity has been fading, becoming ambiguous and unfamiliar to the present generation of Banjar community; Reinterpretation of the tidal architectural identity may serve as a guideline for the city’s lay-out developing from the architectural design of the present and the future.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the preferences of urban dwellers for various elements of urban parks in order to provide some important suggestions for rehabilitation of urban deficient parks. In this regard, this study has conducted a survey in one of the oldest parks in خرمabad, Iran, to reveal the overall satisfaction of the park situation and to explore the preferences of users regarding the characteristics of appropriate hard and soft landscape elements of the park. This paper uses five independent combined analyses covering elements of the urban park, including locational, functional, physical, visual and the vegetation characteristics in order to provide the most preferable elements for rehabilitation of this park. For finding significant results, questionnaires are distributed among 100 park users during spring 2014. Findings of the research show general dissatisfaction regarding the existing condition of the park and provide some key points that can be helpful for improvement of the quality of the park based on visitors' ideas.

Density is a critical typology in determining sustainable urban built-form patterns. Built-form refers to the assemblage and arrangement of the building masses in a city reflecting the spatial layout of spaces. The relationship between density and urban character is also based on at certain densities (thresholds). In a wider sense, sustainable cities are a matter of density. Recent debates about the creation of more sustainable urban form, compact cities have led to a renewed focus on issues of density. The argument is that high density high-rise with low ground coverage or compact city form can offer a high quality of life while minimizing crime, possibility to provide adequate amenities, green and open spaces, accessibility and space consumption. However, the relationships of density and patterns built-form are not reasonably well developed and integrated into the urban design-planning processes in developing countries cities like Addis Ababa. On the hand, not many studies have been undertaken with regard to density in relation to patterns of built-forms. Therefore, this study aims to explore density in relation to patterns of built-form in the process of planning & design of urban spaces2. The analysis is based on the primary sources as well as secondary documents collected from the concerned agencies and related references. The findings illustrate that high density high-rise with low ground coverage patterns of built-forms can offer better possibilities for installing good spatial quality3 of urban spaces. It concludes with an overview of emerging thinking/implications where further efforts are required in the future

In this paper, the build and survived railway stations over the time at which first railway line construction started at Turkey until the present had been exامینed and the ones which were out of use and lost their original function with time had been determined. Also the determined building stock had been evaluated based on the principle of giving new function to the old buildings, in especial of station buildings. The obtained data had been scanned by means of software prepared by the expert system approach in order to make a priority order for buildings. The priority order of 40 stations which found to be eligible for re-usage and had been chosen among the exامینed 580 stations had been made . In this way discarded railway heritage action plan has been prepared for the solution of problems in the state. The solution proposes is guiding many countries, especially in Turkey.