درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

A needs analysis (NA) study was carried out to determine how well course objectives and actual classroom activities aligned with the English language needs of learners enrolled in a communicative EFL course in Iran.  Brown’s (2016) NA framework was adapted with a focus on the democratic and discrepancy view of NA. A case study design utilizing triangulation of data collection was employed to collect and analyze both quantitative and qualitative data. A questionnaire, classroom observations, and post-observation interviews were among the methods used to collect information from 143 learners and 10 teachers. The questionnaires were quantitatively analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, and one-way repeated measures ANOVA analyses to identify learners'' language needs. The qualitative dimension of the study provided a complete picture of course objectives and classroom activities and tasks. The results of the questionnaire showed that the majority of learners agreed that all general English skills were fundamental to communicating in English and ranked speaking skill, followed by writing, as the most needed skills. Also, a review of course objectives indicated that the learning objectives of the English course aligned with learners’ English language needs.  However, according to classroom observations and post-observation interviews, classroom goals were not focused on attaining communicative tasks and activity objectives. In fact, teachers’ teaching objectives did not meet the learners'' communicative needs and were limited to teaching four skills at comprehension, grammatical, and lexical levels. Misalignment between assessment tasks and course objectives was reported as one of the contributing factors.

Семантика форм сослагательного наклонения в русском и персидском языках отличается. В контрфактивной ситуации в русском языке контрфактивное значение может относиться и к прошедшему, и к настоящему времени. Контрфактивное значение в персидском языке выражается четырьмя формами условных предложений с использованием двух глагольно-временных форм: прошедшего длительного времени (имперфекта) (گذشته استمراری) изъявительного наклонения и преждепрошедшего времени (плюсквамперфекта) (گذشته دور) изъявительного наклонения, в зависимости от временных отношений протасиса и аподосиса.

The present study was conducted aimed to identify the dimensions and components of cultural participation in universities (case study: Islamic Azad Universities of Hormozgan province). This study is a mixed exploratory research that in the qualitative section using the Thematic analysis technique and based on semi-structured interviews with 20 experts to identify the dimensions and components of students' cultural participation; also, also, in order to prioritize the dimensions and components of cultural participation, the OPA (Lingo software) technique was used based on the opinions of 7 experts. In the thematic analysis part, 51 basic themes, 12 organizing themes and 4 comprehensive themes were identified. Based on the results of OPA technique, the indicators of "quality of cultural programs, proper planning, how to implement cultural programs, motivational behavior pattern, attention to students' opinions, institutional trust, spirit of participation, security, social health, social communication and new communication media" They were ranked 1 to 12, respectively. Findings of this research can provide deep insight to senior decision makers and cultural managers and provide the basis for more cultural participation of researchers and students.