درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Many studies have been conducted on the ways of promoting willingness to communicate in learners in EFL/ESL contexts. While different scholars have undertaken studies on many of these variables, few of these studies have aimed at EFL university students in Iran. This study reports on the role of international posture and perceived communication behavior on Iranian EFL learners’ communication in English. The participants who accepted to attend the survey completed questionnaires on WTC, international posture and perceived communication behaviors. The results driven based on this research indicated that Iranian English BA students are generally tended to speak in English. The participants' willingness to communicate in English was found to have a significant relationship with their perceived communication behaviors and international posture. The findings of this study will be beneficial for various policy makers and practitioners, including those dealing with curriculum development and teacher education to focus more on the elements influencing communication in English. Many studies have been conducted on the ways of promoting willingness to communicate in learners in EFL/ESL contexts. While different scholars have undertaken studies on many of these variables, few of these studies have aimed at EFL university students in Iran. This study reports on the role of international posture and perceived communication behavior on Iranian EFL learners’ communication in English. The participants who accepted to attend the survey completed questionnaires on WTC, international posture and perceived communication behaviors. The results driven based on this research indicated that Iranian English BA students are generally tended to speak in English. The participants' willingness to communicate in English was found to have a significant relationship with their perceived communication behaviors and international posture. The findings of this study will be beneficial for various policy makers and practitioners, including those dealing with curriculum development and teacher education to focus more on the elements influencing communication in English.

One of the significant problems of banks and investors in Iran is the lack of precise awareness about the financial performance of each bank and the roadmap for improving the conditions. Besides, the undesirable status of the financial performance of banks becomes evident only when the improvement of conditions is complicated. In this paper, a data mining-based early warning system (EWS) model has been presented to capture the financial performance of banks. To design this model, the CHAID decision tree has been used. Using this model, the banks have been classified as poor, medium, and good regarding financial performance, and the roadmap to achieving the desirable status has been determined. For this purpose, 13 Iranian banks have been investigated within the years 2003-2017. Eventually, the results obtained from the decision tree have been compared with the findings achieved from the CAMELS model. Based on the designed decision tree, 8 profiles have been extracted; 2 representing good, 3 medium, and 3 poor financial performance. Based on these profiles, according to the latest reports published by the studied banks, eight banks have a mediocre financial performance while five banks suffer poor financial performance. According to these profiles, four variables of the asset to shareholders’ equity ratio, the shareholders’ equity to loans ratio, the long-term debt to equity ratio, and liquidity coverage ratio were identified as the most relevant variables associated with the financial performance of banks.

Objective: This study investigates the different motives and substance use risk profile in opium and methamphetamine use. Method: The statistical sample includes Seventy-eight individuals with substance use history referred to drop-in center (DIC) that completed research instruments including demographic information (researcher-made questionnaire), substance use motives (Hecimovic, Barrett, Darredeau, and Stewart, 2014), and substance use risk profile scale (Woicik et al., 2009). Multivariate analysis of variance utilized for data analysis based on SPSS-24. Results: The results of the MANOVA indicated that availability, relaxation, enjoying, and sexual motives are significantly higher in individuals using methamphetamine. Also, the results of the substance use risk profile represent that there are significant differences in anxiety sensitivity, sensation-seeking, and impulsivity in opium and methamphetamine use. Conclusions: Findings indicate the important role of motives and substance use risk profile in the tendency to the different types of substances. These various motives and personality risk factors should be considered in educational settings and psychological treatment for different types of substance use, especially opiate or stimulating substances.