درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The present study was done to specify the impacts of a protocol called “living high, training low and high (LHTLH)”on serum ET-1 and EPO levels as well as the 3000-m performance of endurance runners in Iran’s national team. Method: eight male runners (aged24.4±3.1, height of 180.5±4.2, weight of66.7±3.4 and BMI of20.1±5.0kg/m2) who cooperated voluntarily with regard to middle distance and marathon running (R2M system training) at high and low altitudes. All case studies did 3000-m test and blood samples were taken at a time period of 24-hours before and after the test. The intended tasks consisted of continuous, interval, aerobic and resistance exercises. The runners were to take part in 16 training sessions each week. It should be noted that the training lasted for 11 weeks according to (LHTLH) protocol. Variance with repeated measures (P≤0.05) was utilized as the method to analyze the collected data. Results: It was shown that 3000-m time underwent significant decrease with regard to the time of impact both before and after the training. However, there were not significant changes in EPO (P≥0.05). On the contrary the amount of ET-1 demonstrated significant increase (P≤0.05). Conclusions: The results indicated that 3000-m time at lower altitudes will decrease on account of certain training programs. The reason is not directly related to the level of EPO. It is through hematological and metabolic changes as well as increase of ET-1 levels that performance under hypoxic and normoxic states happens to improve in the real sense.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three methods of endurance, resistance and concurrent training on aerobic fitness and body composition male students with overweight. Methods: Forty five overweight male who were resident of Shahed university dormitory were purposefully selected and randomly assigned into following groups: endurance, resistance and concurrent training. Each Group performed their own protocol for 8 weeks, 3 times per week with specified intensity and duration. Before starting the protocol and 24 hours after the last training session, body composition parameters and aerobic fitness were measured at same condition. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Results: The findings showed that three methods of endurance, resistance and concurrent training protocol had a significant effects on aerobic fitness and body composition parameters. In comparing the difference between groups of three methods of endurance, resistance and concurrent training on aerobic fitness and body composition parameters were significantly different and the variables of aerobic fitness and body composition parameters of concurrent training was more effective than two other exercises. Innovation this research is identical the work out of training (time) in the 3 protocol that to compare intergroup among the most effective way to same time identification. Conclusion: It seems that eight weeks of endurance, strength and concurrent exercise training have effects on aerobic fitness and body composition parameters male students with overweight but all three types of exercise separately with diet modification could be improved aerobic fitness and body composition indices.

China has invested in the Gwadar port in Pakistan to create an economic corridor with the aim of connecting China to Central Asia through the Indian Ocean. This program is part of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), including several roads, sea routes, and corridors. On the other hand, India, a regional rival to China, is keen to invest in the port of Chabahar in the I.R. Iran to create the International North-South corridor, which can connect India to Central Asia, the Middle East, Russia, and Northern Europe through the Indian Ocean. According to these significant facts, two critical questions will be discussed in the present study: the first question investigates whether Indo-Chinese competition makes Chabahar and Gwadar rival ports, and the second question examines whether it would be possible for China to investigate in Chabahar as an alternative corridor. To address these questions, the present study hypothesizes that Chabahar can be an international port, fulfilling the interests of all parties, including China. This study is a qualitative research, based on the International Order theory by Hadley Bull, using the SWOT analysis in order to address the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges of Iran-China bilateral relations in Chabahar for both sides. For collecting the data, existing documents and articles, as well as in-depth interviews have been used. Results indicate that the Chabahar port, as one of the main gateways to the Iranian transit corridors, could be a common point of Interest for Iran, India and China to create a regional order, based on cooperation in transit.

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to provide a model for the development of children's education. Methodology : The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in this study was all experts in the field of educational management and curriculum planning and training of working children. After the 11th interview, theoretical saturation took place. Validity was obtained through 4 experts and by two colleagues and reliability of the Copa formula (0.632). In order to conduct this research, in addition to documentary study, the content analysis technique with MAXQDA12 software was used to identify the dimensions, components and indicators of the development of working children education, and in the quantitative data analysis section, the structural equation technique was used. Findings : As a result of qualitative analysis, 3 dimensions, 8 components and 43 indicators were identified. The dimensions of health-individual education, socio-cultural education and education of knowledge and academic and professional skills were identified as the main dimensions of the development of education of working children. Finally, all indicators were approved using structural equation technique and education of knowledge and academic skills. And vocational education with a coefficient of 0.858, health-individual education with a coefficient of 0.701 and socio-cultural education with a coefficient of 0.605 showed the most impact and importance in the model, respectively. The validity of the model was measured by 5 dimensions (philosophy and purpose with an average of 4.8, theoretical foundations with an average of 4.9, executive principles with an average of 4.70, evaluation system with an average of 4.8 and executive mechanism with an average of 4.8) that all dimensions were approved. . Conclusion : Finally, a model with 5 dimensions (philosophy and purpose with an average of 4.8, theoretical foundations with an average of 4.9, executive principles with an average of 4.7, evaluation system with an average of 4.81 and executive mechanism with an average of 4.80) was designed and validated

Purpose : The aim of this study was to design and validate the model of effective skills training in scientific-applied centers. Methodology : The method of the present study was applied based on the purpose and mixed type based on the nature of the data. The statistical population in the qualitative part of the research included all experts in the field of effective skills training, and 30 experts were selected using targeted snowball sampling method. The second group of the statistical population of this study in the quantitative part included all the official teachers of applied science centers in Mazandaran province in the number of 3,000 people who were selected by random sampling and snowball method of 608 people as the sample size. In the qualitative part of the present study, semi-in-depth interviews were used and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The validity and reliability of both instruments were evaluated and confirmed. The method of data analysis in the qualitative part of the theoretical coding was taken from the method of data theory of the foundation and in the quantitative part, confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the model and determine the relationship between the identified factors. Findings : The results showed that in a total of 6 dimensions of career goals, instructor, environment, student, content and management, 28 components and 252 indicators of the dimensions of the skill training model are effective. Conclusion : Based on the obtained coefficients, it can be said that all indicators have an important and significant role in measuring the dimensions and components of the model of effective skills training system for scientific-applied centers of Mazandaran province