درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Economic crisis imposes extensive losses on banks and credit institutions, thereby increasing their credit risk and dissolution. In fact, the economic conditions of countries are the major cause of financial stress, the destructive effects of which can greatly be reduced by accurate risk management in the banking system. This study aims to examine stress testing in the Iranian banking system by using the data of Iranian banks from 2008 to 2017. The results in the panel VAR framework and Monte Carlo simulation by using macroeconomic variables and credit risk show that the Iranian banking system is mostly affected by the scenarios of long-term shock in the macroeconomic factors of the country. In other words, changes in one period of the variables have a minimum effect on credit risk. However, a three-period horizon of interest rate and the inflation rate has the maximum effect, while economic growth has the minimum effect on the degree of default in Iranian banks.

Based on multifarious levels of social status, education, and occupation, people have certain values which construct and reconstruct their identity. In the Iranian culture, “Devaluation” means blemishing these values that make people ignore individuals’ val ues and virtues through certain linguistic expressions. Studying these expressions, one can achieve its dominant culture in Iranian society. Therefore, the current research is an attempt to study Devaluation Cultuling (culture+language) in light of the conceptual model of cultuling analysis. By integrating the components of Hymes’s (1967) SPEAKING model, emotioncy model and cultural models, the conceptual model of cultuling analysis is the most comprehensive model for studying cultulings of the Persian language. Studying 712 linguistic structures and expressions containing devaluation cultuling and interviewing 140 individuals, the authors found that devaluation cultuling is commonly used in Iranian culture with high frequency, and individuals have negative feelings toward this cultuling. Iranians employ devaluation cultuling for various purposes such as destructing and belittling others’ achievements, insulting, questioning the culture of community members, flattering and hiding their weaknesses. Findings demonstrated that this cultuling could represent cultural models of indirectness, high context, low trust, and holistic thinking of Iranians. Informing people about devaluation cultuling enables us to modify and change this defective cultural gene.