درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This paper will concentrate on the result of a research based on comparative study between two Persian gardens in different micro climates in arid regions. Sustainability could be observed in many aspects and elements of traditional Iranian architecture and landscape architecture, and this method of design has used to solve many problems for many centuries. Gardens of Iran have had special role to moderate hot and arid climate since many years ago and their design method is an appropriate strategy to create sustainable landscape in our today cities. In this research, the selected case studies are Hasht-Behesht garden in Isfahan, and Jahannama garden in Shiraz, located in two different areas in arid regions of central plateau of Iran. The research method adopted in this paper consists of descriptive-analytic and deductive analyses. By the analysis of sustainable and climatic features and characteristics of these cases, the main goal is to identify the parameters of creating green space for present and future sustainable landscaping with similar climates. Results confirm that the similarities and differences between these two gardens are because of the different microclimatic regions they are located in. At the conclusion part, the main characteristics of Persian gardens from sustainability view will be classified and recommendations for sustainable landscape design will be presented.

Urban perception is the result of mutual transaction between human and environment and the process of perception is developed through the three continuous steps of “sensation”, “perception” and “cognition”. In the first step (sensorial perception), the environmental signals are received via sensorial sensors and each different sense based on its own essence, performance and ability has its own specific contribution to develop the process of perception of the environment and replace the concept in mind. The sensorial experience made from these environmental perceptions will lead to better understanding and recognition of urban features and qualities. Different senses play different roles to enrich the environmental experience based on their depth and quantity. This paper aims at remembering forgotten distinguished values of tactility in perception of urban space and study is conducted using analytical method with an interpretive approach. The tactile senses because of their unique features like universality and diversity and experiencing the space without any medium and understanding the time and place are not emphasized much. The present study aimed to manifest the forgotten values of tactile sense and its efficiency in urban environment.

The neighborhood has had a long history in Iranian urbanization. Since urban plans were introduced by the authorities to shape urban development in Iran half a century ago, the concept of Iranian traditional neighborhood has been neglected gradually. The concept of neighborhood has not found the appropriate status in urban design and planning yet. One of the main reasons is that academics, professional urban planners, designers and managers use different definition and no consensus exists on definition of neighborhood. The aim of research is to compare residents’ perception of their neighborhood boundaries with boundaries of administrative-defined Neighborhoods which municipalities consider. The main hypothesis of the research is fundamental difference between these two views: top- down view from experts and urban managers who see the neighborhood as a spatial unit for city organizing and bottom- up view from residents who consider the neighborhood as the place of their social life. The Research methodology has been done base on the survey method and an analytical approach has been applied. The case study is located in Mashhad city in Iran. Four municipality-defined neighborhoods were selected in various urban fabrics of the city. Findings indicate that residents’ definition of their neighborhood was influenced by socio-spatial factors and interaction of these on each other. There is a substantial and fundamental difference between residents’ definition of neighborhood and municipality-defined neighborhood. Finally, this study proposes recommendations for the better definition of administrative neighborhoods in Iran.

Events in the building industry in Nigeria in the last decade show the important role the private sector played in housing finance. With the advent of the public-private partnership concept in almost every sector of the socio-economic spheres of the nation, the role of the private sector in housing finance cannot be over-emphasized. This paper clearly states that the low-income public servants do not easily have access to housing finance. The responsibility of generating housing finance at a relatively low interest rate repayable over a maximum period of twenty five years rests on whoever seeks for a housing loan through the Federal Mortgage Bank or the Primary Mortgage Institutions. This paper seeks mediatory role of the private sector between this class of the society and the mortgage banks to source for funds to enable them to own their houses. The research method employed in this paper is the survey research in which questionnaires were administered on members of three housing estates, two housing estates in Lagos and one in Abuja. This paper exامینes the role of the private sector in the public-private partnership in housing delivery to low-income earners in Nigeria through housing finance. The findings showed that majority of the respondents had access to either mortgage or commercial banks to source for funding or the purchase of the houses.

One of the most important natural factors and critical facilities in Tehran is presence of Alborz Slopes River-Valleys which have been considered as natural tourist places for citizens since a long time ago, especially in hot summers and play effective role in creating a balance between manmade and natural spaces. Importance of these river-valleys as ecological pathways is enhanced with the increase in population and development of river-valley cities can become a vital element of urban life cycle. However unfortunately, their inappropriate use has only reduced the quality of life in their area. Design of riparian parks, establishing dynamic edges and creating lively urban space may give a new spirit into the lifeless body of these river-valleys. This paper has been written aiming at planning and design of sustainable resorts in the area of Kan River-Valley (The largest urban watercourse of Tehran) and attempted to answer this question that has Kan River ecological context and environmental characteristics to become a green urban corridor? Land use planning process has been used and strategic planning has been performed using analytical - descriptive method of artificial, natural and visual characteristics of the subject area, relying on the table Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threat (SWOT) and using present capabilities and removing barriers. The research results show that using sustainable ecologic landscape design and compatible with the environment, is an appropriate strategy for revitalizing the urban river-valleys.

Banberz, Banbor, and Sabziabad neighborhoods are three residential districts on the periphery of Ilam city, and are facing a lot of problems namely social, economic, and physical, particularly in housing sector including low quality, poor housing, limited-quantity housing. In order to assess the sustainability of housing, 75 indicators and to rank districts, SPSS software (exploratory factor analysis) is used. On the basis of economic, social, educational, health, and environmental services and culture three districts (Banbarz, Banboor, Sabziabad) were selected as marginal neighborhood. Most houses, have been built away from without permission and building permits and engineering control in small scale measures. According to statistical models; most of household economic statuses are below the poverty line. According to the findings of the questionnaire, fabric and physical feature, type of building, materials applied, quality of building and density of residential units of most units out of any control and without engineering standards in small-scale piece of land, were built without a permit and building permit. Given the statistical models, the economic status of households indicate that more than 70 percent of them live below the poverty line.