درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Augmented reality (AR) builds better participation for placemaking by focusing on real time features, communication, and direct information flow between project s takeholders. This s tudy attempts to access to specification of the Augmented Reality Sys tem for Placemaking (ARSP) model and make the research a basis for a profitable e-business model. By inves tigating AR and placemaking, this research seeks to build an augmented reality sys tem specification of the information flow and communication for project s takeholders' management. This paper explores the potential for using AR technology in interior design by three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) and façade placemaking by 2D textures of brick material. The sys tem consis ts of a qualitative proof of concept (POC) model, a prototype model, and a minimum vital product (MVP) model to s tudy to compel quantitative research. The ARSP POC model, prototype model, and MVP model are programmed by building an information modeling (BIM) sys tem, Revit and Unity software, and different software development kits (SDKs) as an application for Android devices. Seventy-four experts tes ted the MVP model in the Delphi method and observed, interviewed, and filled out a ques tionnaire. The research shows that the contributions of this s tudy to the body of knowledge are twofold. Firs t, this s tudy extends the unders tanding of AR applications in placemaking. Second, this s tudy identifies possible improvements using AR sys tems in design, procurement, and cons truction.

Information technology by removing the barriers and omitting geographical boundaries washes out the physical distances and dissolves many problems. But at the same time this concern is existed that information technology causes more separation between social classes and so creates a society that divides into two groups that one group is "possessed" and the other "do not possessed" the technology. Accordingly, one of the main challenging issues that social universe has encountered with, is inequality of information and communication technology indicators among regions, which called "digital gap". In order to achieve standard development and to provide geographical and spatial justice, removing the digital gap between regions, and equal and public accessibility of geographical units must be considered as the main priority of planning in field of ICT. The presented research by purpose of spatial analysis and ranking of counties in Isfahan province tries to improve information and communication technology and reduce digital gap. The research method is descriptive- analytic and for ranking and rate of difference among counties the Topsis algorithm is used. The results show that level of possessing ICT was not equal among counties in a way that counties divided into four groups of very high, medium, low and very low, that only the counties of Isfahan is located in very high  group. The dispersal coefficient between counties is 5% that confirms the difference in spatial distribution of indicators. And also there is a direct relationship between development of ICT and population and urbanization percentage, in a way that most of facilities are located in a counties with high percentage of urbanization. At the end some solution is suggested in order to remove the digital gap between counties.

Designing buildings with the lowest possible cost base is an essentiality in sustainable architecture. Previously, due to the computational complexity of building's energy consumption, the environmental impact on thermal and lighting energy consumptions haven't been considered simultaneously. As non-linear relationships are often disclosed, a comprehensive approach is necessary to reduce the total energy need of a building and optimize the façade configuration at the same time. Solar radiation affects thermal and lighting energy consumption which depends on building fabric’s characteristics. In this paper a parametric method to optimize the window size and sunshade dimensions of an educational building in mild climate of Iran is presented. Through integrating thermal and lighting energy consumption, 6750 window and sunshade configurations are studied and compared. First, climatic parameters and thermal analysis are validated by on-site measurements. Then, the characteristics of the simulated model and all thermal and lighting parameters have been defined. Finally, the best solution is optimized through genetic algorithm. The results show that, in the first phases of the design process building’s characteristics should comply with national code regulations and then components of the building will be optimized. Additionally the horizontal windows with higher sill levels are more energy-efficient in classrooms.