درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in the economic and sustainable development of all countries. The current research aimed to identify the opportunities and threats of the external environment of sports entrepreneurship in Ardabil, Iran based on the PESTLE model by examining the past and existing processes. A mixed approach was used to collect and analyze the research data. The research tool consisted of interviews and strategic council meetings. Theoretical and snowball sampling methods were used to reach the theoretical saturation (15 Experts). For analyzing the collected data in the qualitative section, a logical inductive method was used. The findings revealed that strategic environmental components of entrepreneurship in Ardabil province included: Ecological factors, Cultural and Social Factors, Political factors, Legal and juridical factors, Economic Factors, & Technological factors. According to the findings, considering the extracted factors in the process of spot entrepreneurship management can pave the way for developing entrepreneurship in sport setting. 

Sport, and especially public sports, is very important because it increases life expectancy by promoting community health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of privatization in the development of participation in public sports in Alborz, Iran. This study was a mixed research (qualitative and quantitative). In the qualitative phase, the participants included 12 university faculty members and public sports administrators. In the quantitative section, 384 people were selected as a statistical sample based on Morgan table. Amiri et al.'s Privatization Questionnaire (2013) and a researcher-developed questionnaire were used to measure the research variables. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that privatization has a critical role in the development of participation in public sports in Alborz province. Therefore, expansion of the role and position of the private sector is one of the actions that can be taken in this field. It is suggested that sports, health and well-being officials seriously consider privatization in order to facilitate and increase the participation in public sports. 

The present study brings forward a model of workplace health with an approach to staff’s physical activity improvement. this study was an applied and descriptive research that has been conducted with a mixed approach for data collection (qualitative and quantitative). The methodology is performed qualitatively on the basis of grounded theory of Glaser approach. The research participants in qualitative included 18 subjects selected through judgmental sampling method with snowball approach. In addition, the sample in quantitative section, 384 subjects were studied through convinience sampling based on  Krejcie and Morgan table. The analysis in the quantitative section is second-order confirmatory factor analysis. According to the results, components of workplace health comprising the physical environment with sub-components of preparing infrastructure along with strenuous company; the psycho-social environment with sub-components of education, culturalization, encouragement along with support; the health resources with the sub-components of evaluation, supervision and alignment of plans; and participation of the company which comprises management and planning.

The purpose of this research is to develop a strategic marketing plan for the Lifeguard and Diving Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The current research is a mixed study with the strategic approach. By conducting a combined method including expert opinion, review of valid documents, and using some matrices related to the formulation of a strategic plan, the formulation of a strategic plan for the marketing of the Lifeguard and Diving Federation has been discussed. The research participants included 15 members of the Board of Directors of the Lifeguard and Diving Federation, managers and sports marketing specialists. In quantitative phase, the measurement tool consisted of a researcher-developed questionnaire that was designed and adjusted using the Delphi method. According to the final score of the evaluation matrix of internal factors (2.47) and the evaluation matrix of external factors (2.44), it was determined that the strategic marketing position of Lifeguard and Diving Federation was in the WT position. The results of SWOT analysis have led to the formulation of 3 SO strategies, 3 ST strategies, 3 WO strategies, and 4 WT strategies. 13 strategies to fulfill the mission of the long-term marketing goals of the federation have been developed and an operational plan has been prepared for each of them. It was concluded that the lifeguard and diving federation needs to use defensive strategies and close to the competitive area (ST) in the field of action. 

Volunteers are valuable resources for sports organizations. Most of the sports organizations need to identify and employ the volunteers simultaneously in order to continue their activities. The present study made an effort to identify the requirements and functions of ambidextrous management of sports volunteers. Considering this aim, the meta-synthesis research method was used to carry out the study. More specifically, based on the process of the meta-synthesis research method, at the first stage, 312 papers were identified by searching the relevant databases. At the second phase, 55 papers were selected by screening the identified papers. Finally, the model of the study was developed by analyzing the selected papers. The model involved five ambidextrous requirement categories including the managerial, organizational, physical, strategic values, and motivational categories. Moreover, it comprised three ambidextrous function categories including empowering measures, opportunity-creating measures, and motivating measures categories. The sports managers can focus on the ambidextrous management requirements and the ambidextrous management functions including the empowering measures, opportunity-creating measures, and motivating measures in order to use the ambidextrous sports voltmeter management system and to exploit these human resources to achieve the goals of their organizations.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one technology that can revolutionize traditional methods and transform sports infrastructure. To promote the adoption of IoT effectively, it's vital for sports manager to understand the factors that positively and negatively affect it. The aim of this study was to investigate how perceived risk impacts people's willingness to use IoT technology in sports. This quantitative study used a survey method and applied a descriptive approach. The statistical population included Iranian athletes, and 394 individuals completed questionnaires using a non-probability sampling method. Data analysis was performed using Smart PLS3 software. Results showed that perceived risk has a direct and negative impact on perceived ease of use, willingness to use, and perceived usefulness. However, its effect on attitude towards use was insignificant. The study also confirmed the positive impact of perceived ease of use on perceived usefulness and attitude towards use. Perceived usefulness had a greater effect on the latter variable. Additionally, perceived usefulness had a significant positive impact on willingness to use IoT technology in sports, as did attitude towards use. Attitude towards use also had a significant positive impact on willingness to use IoT technology in sports. The study recommends implementing strategies to enhance and improve perceived usefulness, ease of use, and attitude towards use while reducing perceived risk to increase acceptance and willingness to use IoT technology in sports.