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The brand image is one of the most valuable assets of sports organizations. Companies' respect for their social responsibility is one of the essential tools for maintaining this asset. Sponsors enter a sponsorship program based on their social responsibility, portfolio, and brand image value. This study investigated the relationship between sponsors' portfolios, corporate social responsibility, and brand image and was conducted using a qualitative systematic review method. The available documents have been received using the specified keywords, and the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram was implemented based on valid electronic databases. The data extraction process was performed using MAXQDA 2020 software. Also, the quality of research was evaluated in two parts: quantitative and qualitative. Reviewing 71 documents examined 370 open sources, 54 concepts, and 10 categories in the three fields, including financial sponsor, social responsibility, and portfolio. The results showed that financial sponsors and portfolios are closely related and aligned. A sponsor social responsibility program is also planned and implemented based on the financial sponsor. The results of the social responsibility program will affect different parts and factors of the financial sponsor and portfolio by impacting the two parts of the sponsoring company and the consumer. This study examines the relations between the financial sponsor, sponsor portfolio, and corporate social responsibility axes. In this study, financial sponsorship, sponsor portfolio, and social responsibility are considered the three vertices of a triangle, addressed in less research.

This research was conducted with the aim of presenting the Islamic marketing framework with the fuzzy Delphi approach in the consumers of sports goods in the virtual space. In terms of the objective, the present research was qualitative-exploratory and its analysis method was the fuzzy Delphi technique. The statistical population of this research included 14 professors of sports management, market evaluation, and researchers in this field, and a targeted sampling method was used. The main tool of data collection in the research was fuzzy Delphi questionnaire. Also, the current research method was carried out in 5 steps. The results of the research showed that 5 factors 1. Islamic mix (Islamic production, public benefit,  ethical product, product quality), 2. Sales (sufficient information to the customer About the goods and services of the transaction, respecting the customer and observing kindness, the need to pay attention to the satisfaction of the parties and to pay attention to the needs and desires of the customers, confronting the customer, being complacent in the sale and taking back the goods after the transaction if necessary, making the customers aware of the losses. possibility and side effects of the product, provision of skills, support, improvement of the environment), 3. Marketing planning ( legal framework, Islamic promotion and promotion, religious personality), 4. Islamic propaganda (honesty, abstinence) from false advertisements and slogans, educating customers, not hiding the defects of the product) and 5. Confronting the customer (denying betrayal to competitors and not trying to Bankrupting them, complying with ethical frameworks, not presenting false effects to attract customers from other competitors) are among the factors of the Islamic marketing framework in Consumers of sports goods in a virtual way with a fuzzy Delphi approach.

In recent decades, sport has gained growing recognition as a means of empowerment for women with disabilities in Asia—physically, psychologically, and socially. Yet, the policymaking landscape in this area remains fragmented and inconsistent. A clear gap persists between strategic documents and the lived realities of women with disabilities. This commentary critically examines current policy directions, highlights structural challenges, and explores cultural dynamics in Islamic contexts. Inclusive sport policy for women with disabilities in Asia must address not only legislative and structural gaps but also deeply rooted cultural dynamics, particularly in Islamic contexts. When cultural sensitivity is paired with evidence-based planning and strong institutional support, sport can move from symbolic inclusion to genuine empowerment.

Objective: This study investigated the synergistic effects of neurofeedback (NF) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on enhancing athletic performance and psychological resilience in elite athletes, addressing critical gaps in standardized protocols and long-term efficacy within sports neuroscience. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled crossover design was employed with 60 national-level athletes (30 male, 30 female) stratified by sport type (endurance/skill-based). Participants underwent 10 sessions of either: (1) active NF (SMR upregulation via 64-channel EEG) + active tDCS (2mA over left DLPFC), (2) active NF + sham tDCS, (3) sham NF + active tDCS, or (4) sham NF + sham tDCS. Primary outcomes included sport-specific performance metrics (reaction time, time-to-exhaustion) and psychological resilience (CD-RISC-25), with secondary EEG measures (beta power, P300) assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and 8-week follow-up. Results: The combined NF+tDCS group demonstrated superior improvements versus sham controls: 15.2% faster reaction time (p < 0.001, d = 1.21), 12.4% increased endurance (p = 0.002), and 22.3-point higher resilience scores (p < 0.001). EEG revealed sustained beta power elevation over the left DLPFC (+2.1 dB at follow-up, p = 0.01), mediating 41% of resilience gains through reduced amygdala reactivity (HRV analysis, β = 0.64, p = 0.003). Skill-based athletes showed greater cognitive benefits, while endurance athletes exhibited stronger psychological gains, with sex-specific effects noted (females: better tDCS response; males: superior NF anxiety reduction). Conclusion: Combined NF and tDCS induces durable, sport-specific enhancements in both performance and resilience, likely through prefrontal-amygdala circuit plasticity. These findings advocate for personalized neuromodulation protocols in elite sports while highlighting the need for ethical frameworks governing neuroenhancement technologies.

The pathophysiology of heat stress occurs when the body's environmental and physiological responses exceed its ability to maintain homeostasis. When internal heat signals or external factors raise body temperature beyond a certain limit that the cooling mechanisms can effectively manage, the resulting increase in core temperature triggers response pathways that themselves induce physiological stress. The primary response mechanisms to heat stress include sweating, peripheral vasodilation, and shivering as thermogenic responses—all of which are activated by elevated temperatures and may seem counterproductive to the body's requirements, yet they operate through a neuromuscular and hormonal feedback system. Genetic factors influence individual heat tolerance; for instance, certain populations have variations in heat shock proteins (HSP70) and ion channels (TRPV1, RYR1) that enhance their heat response and tolerance. Additionally, individuals with higher relative VO2 max levels demonstrate greater heat tolerance, as those who are physically trained exhibit more sudomotor activity and effective evaporative cooling compared to untrained individuals. Furthermore, individuals who acclimatize to heat over time develop improved thresholds for heat stress, enabling them to better regulate internal and cardiovascular temperature stresses during exposure. This knowledge is crucial for populations at risk and in situations where physical exertion is required in hot conditions.

Objective : This study aims to provide a comparative analysis of Sportspersonship, competitive anger, and aggression among professional and recreational female football players in Iran. Method: Utilizing an applied, causal-comparative design, data were collected from 330 participants—150 professional players from the Iranian Women’s Premier League and 180 recreational players active in Tehran. Three validated instruments were employed: the Sportspersonship Questionnaire Vallerand and Brière (1), the Competitive Anger Scale Maxwell and Moores (2) and the Aggression Questionnaire Buss and Perry (3). statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 24. One Sample T-Test and independent t-test were used. Results : The findings of the study showed that the levels of aggression, anger, and violence in professional and recreational female soccer players are significantly higher than average. There is a significant difference between the levels of anger and violence among professional and recreational female soccer players. The results revealed that professional players exhibited significantly higher levels of competitive anger than recreational players. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of Sportspersonship. Conclusions : These findings underscore the need for targeted psychological and behavioral interventions to address competitive anger and promote ethical behavior, particularly in professional women’s football. Emphasizing Sportspersonship and ethical conduct can contribute to a healthier sporting culture and mitigate the normalization of aggressive behaviors in both competitive and recreational contexts.