درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: Haematological, hormonal, biochemical and physical performance parameters were altered after long-term soccer training in professional soccer players. These alterations can be influenced by different contextual factors such as playing surface, training load, duration of training and competition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the haematological, inflammatory, antioxidant and physical performance of beach soccer players during the competitive season of the beach soccer. Method: The study examined 15 elite beach soccer players in Iranian beach soccer primer league (age 24.64 ± 4.01 y, weight 75.08 ± 8.15 kg, height 181.00 ± 5.17 cm, body mass index 22.76 ± 2.36) from the pre-season, mid-season and end-season. Measurements of haematological, inflammatory, antioxidants indices and aerobic / anaerobic power were repeated in the pre-season, mid-season and end-season. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine indicators change during league season. Results: Significant decrease in SOD (p = 0.001), TAC (p = 0.043) and anaerobic power (p ≤ 0.048) and significant increase in GPx (p = 0.001), ALT (p = 0.022) was observed from pre-season to the end of the season. LDH levels showed a significant increase in the mid-season compared to the pre-season (p = 0.042) and a significant decrease at the end of the season compared to the mid-season(p = 0.014). However, no significant changes were observed in other indices during the competition season(p ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: It is suggested that some physical and physiological fatigue markers ar increase during mid-season. Therefore, beach soccer players may be  monitored  continuously during the competition season in order to be able to provide the best training, nutrition and recovery systems for performance optimization. Coaches may use the interplay between biomarker alterations and physical performance changes to better manage workload and monitor fatigue during beach soccer training and competition.

Football withdrawal has always created many psychological problems for players and it has had destructive effects on their health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of perfectionism on the reduction stress and athletic burnout in football players. The statistical population of this study included all football players at youth level in Guilan, Iran. 378 players were selected as a sample size through random sampling method. A combination of valid and reliable standard questionnaires was distributed to collect the research data. Research hypotheses were analyzed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and linear regression. The SPSS software (version 24) was used for data analysis (α≤0.05). The results showed that there was a significant correlation between athletic burnout and positive perfectionism (-0.622), negative perfectionism (0.555), problem-oriented strategy (-0.358), and emotion-oriented strategy (0.401). According the results of this study, developing efficient plans with focusing on the psychological variables of perfectionism, stress, and athletic burnout can improve the coaches’ awareness of coaching behaviors as well as increasing athletes’ optimal mental performance and efficiency.

Background: Assessment of spasticity and wheelchair skills performance is important in both clinical practice and research.Aim: The present study aimed to systematically review the psychometric properties (reliability and validity) of outcome measures used to assess spasticity and wheelchair skill tests in people with spinal cord injury.Materials and Methods: A search was conducted using terms through PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Related articles included measures of spinal cord injury patients published in English from 2010 to 2021.To determine the publication quality of studies COSMIN checklist was used.Results: A total of 2150 potentially eligible studies were retrieved from four databases. The remaining 20 full-text studies were retrieved for complete review. Finally, 12 studies involving a total of 658 participants were included in the systematic review.Conclusion: Ethical, safety, and psychological issues were considered during the test for people with disabilities. According to previous studies, the Spasticity Evaluation Tool has been suggested as a reliable tool for assessing spasticity in SCI subjects. However, due to the variety of tests and the elimination of selected tools, wheelchair skills tests cannot be recommended.

The present study is implemented to identify indicators and to provide an optimal evaluation method in recreational-sports pools. The present study is considered practical in purpose, and survey in collecting data. Firstly, by bibliometric research and five professional experts’ interviews, 91 indicators were identified for evaluating recreational-sports pools. Secondly, in terms of 4 components or perspectives in the Balanced Scorecard, 57 indicators were established (internal processes (10 indicators), customer (22 indicators), growth and learning (19 indicators), and financial (6 indicators)), from focal group’s output which was comprised of 4 prominent professors. The structure was confirmed based on 333 individuals’ opinions in the statistical population by employing factor analysis. In order to rate the pools studied, the gray clustering analysis method was applied followed by the structure of the balanced scorecard confirmed. Principally, 20 homogenous recreational-sports pools were investigated in 15 city regions and boundaries of provinces in Isfahan, Sepahan Shahr, and Baharestan. Based on data analysis and rating of each case study, Araman, Absar, Enghelab, Morvarid, and Golsar pools were ranked first to fifth, respectively. Furthermore, the main purpose of the present study based on calculated indicators is to propose a practical method to provide an accurate evaluation of sports pools.