درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Background : Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is one of the most rampant x-linked recessive lethal genetic disease with prevalence of approximately 1 out of 3500-5000 newborn boys worldwide. DMD is mutations-induced in gene encoding dystrophin that prevent the production of the muscle isoform of dystrophin (Dp427m). Aim: This study aims to evaluate the impact of hydrotherapy on health-related quality of life and body composition changes, as well as how it affects on skeletal muscle strength in boys with DMD. Materials and Methods:  Eight boys, ranging from 6 to 12 years old with DMD were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly assigned to either a hydrotherapy group as the intervention group (Group 1; n=4) or a non-exercise group as the control group (Group 2; n=4), to receive 12 sessions of a hydrotherapy program. The patients were assessed for changes in muscle strength in the lower limbs and back, left and right quadriceps, left and right-hand grip, LBM, SMM, and general mobility and balance, before and after hydrotherapy. Results : Significant improvements in general mobility and balance were observed, along with a significant increase in muscle strength and lean body mass ( P <0.05). Conclusion : This study suggests that hydrotherapy with a precise protocol of low to moderate intensity can improve general mobility and balance, increase muscle strength in the lower limbs and back, left and right quadriceps, left and right-hand grip, and LBM in patients with DMD. The increase in strength is accompanied by increase in LBM, which not only has implications for function but also has much broader impacts on the health-related quality of life in patients.

Background : Chronic low back pain (LBP) is one of the most frequent causes of disability in women. Aim: The main purpose of the current study was to compare the effects of yoga, TRX, and exercise-related combination programs on pain and lordosis in women with increased lordosis and LBP. Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 women based on the study's criteria were included in the pre-intervention assessments and randomly divided into three experimental groups (yoga, TRX, and exercise-related combination programs) and control group. At this stage, the lordosis angle of participants was measured using a flexible ruler, and their pain was also measured via the Oswestry Disability Index. Furthermore, the experimental groups performed selected exercises for 60 min/session for three sessions/week for six weeks. Results : Our results demonstrated that there was a statistically significant difference between the yoga, TRX, and exercise-related combination programs in lumbar lordosis ( P = 0.003) and pain levels in women with LBP ( P = 0.007). Also, lumbar lordotic angle showed a significant reduction only in the combined groups subsequent to the period ( P = 0.003). Conclusion : In conclusion, the current findings illustrated that exercise-related combination program than other modalities could be used as an exercise-related treatment method to ameliorate lordosis angle and pain in women with LBP.

Physical education schools play an important role in the physical and mental progress of students as well as having a great impact on the international success of the athletes. Therefore, the architecture and educational sport settings are of high importance. Hence, the present study was carried out with the aim of developing the educational and sport spaces of physical education schools. The current research is phenomenological based on a qualitative method. The research population consisted of academic faculty members of the art and architecture departments, sport management department; experts of constructing and equipping sport places; physical education school principals, teachers, and students. Fifteen participants were selected through a purposeful sampling. The Data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and for the final validation, the validity and reliability criteria were applied. Factors affecting the development of educational and sport places of physical education schools included 68 sub-themes classified under nine main themes: spatial diversity, space function improvement, linkage of the places, light-related factors, color-related factors, design standards, design enhancement, safety factors, and health factors. Therefore, it is essential for relevant managers to take into account the standards of construction and design of physical education schools.

Purpose: Osteoporosis usually starts at a young age and progresses slowly over time. Therefore timely diagnosis of this disease plays an effective role in raising the level of health and public health in the society. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between some indicators of osteoporosis and bone mineral density of the pelvis in active elderly men. Methods: This study was semi-experimental. 25 active elderly men with the age range of 60 to 85 years were selected as available and with medical records. Anthropometric characteristics and serum indices of subjects were used as effective indices of osteoporosis. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to find the relationship between bone mineral density of the pelvis and effector indices, data analysis was done using SPSS version 26 software. Results: The results of this research showed that in the active elderly men, there is a significant relationship between age (P=0.044), body mass index (BMI) (P=0.021), serum calcium (P=0.037) and phosphorus levels (P=0.046) and alkaline phosphatase (P=0.016), with bone mineral density (BMD) of the pelvis. No significant relationship was found between vitamin D with BMD of the pelvis (P=0.055). Conclusion: In general, the results show that there is a significant relationship between bone density and body mass index, calcium and serum alkaline phosphatase indices in active elderly men. Therefore, it is possible to use the serum levels of these indicators in predicting this disease, and exercise may also be one of the influencing factors, so the effect of exercise on other bone density indicators can be investigated.

Branding is the main process of profitability and it can be defined as critical basis for sport industry. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the brand associations of the Iranian football league organization. The research population of the study included the faculty members of universities, members of the board of directors of the football federation, the board and staff of the league organization, and the managers and experts of the football federation. The research sample was selected through convenience sampling. A researcher-developed questionnaire was distributed for collecting the research data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by ten professors of sports management and the reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test. To analyze the research data, Partial Least Squares test (PLS) was applied. Findings showed that the research variables included tradition, competitive balance, stadium atmosphere, management, competition, star player, education, competition, game show, community pride, socialization, player development, getting rid of everyday life, nostalgia, interest in a special team, excitement, acceptance in the peer group, logo, and product delivery had a positive and significant effect on the brand associations of Iranian football league organization. Therefore, it is suggested that managers and officials of sports federations use the results of this research to enhance the brand positioning of the football leagues.

Background: Sports facilities are one of the most commonly used services in the city with a significant role in improving the physical and mental health condition of citizens thus a proper procedure is required to locate and distribute them. Aim : The purpose of this study is to design a comprehensive model for the optimal location of sports facilities. Materials and Methods: The research method is descriptive-analytic based on information gathering and is applied research based on objectives. The opinions of 20 experts have been used to design the model using the Delphi method, and weighting the effective criteria in the sports facilities location. The weight of each criterion has been obtained as population density (0.47), access (0.31), development potential (0.14), and adjacency (0.08); furthermore, the Kendall coefficient of concordance (0.74) in the third step of the Delphi method shows the strong agreement between the experts, regarding the proposed model. The proposed model consisted of six steps: 1. Aim; 2. Verification of the functional area of the existing sport facilities and specific restrictions of the area; 3. Introducing and weighting the important criteria in the sports facilities location; 4. Identifying the most suitable locations for constructing the sports facilities; 5. Evaluating the needs of users; 6. Selecting the best spaces and prioritizing them. Results: The results of the model showed that the most important criteria for locating sport facilities are population density, access, development potential, and adjacency. Additionally, it was indicated that the agreement between the experts increased over time. Conclusion: According to the proposed model, it is possible to identify the points that are suitable for constructing the new sports facilities.

Football withdrawal has always created many psychological problems for players and it has had destructive effects on their health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of perfectionism on the reduction stress and athletic burnout in football players. The statistical population of this study included all football players at youth level in Guilan, Iran. 378 players were selected as a sample size through random sampling method. A combination of valid and reliable standard questionnaires was distributed to collect the research data. Research hypotheses were analyzed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and linear regression. The SPSS software (version 24) was used for data analysis (α≤0.05). The results showed that there was a significant correlation between athletic burnout and positive perfectionism (-0.622), negative perfectionism (0.555), problem-oriented strategy (-0.358), and emotion-oriented strategy (0.401). According the results of this study, developing efficient plans with focusing on the psychological variables of perfectionism, stress, and athletic burnout can improve the coaches’ awareness of coaching behaviors as well as increasing athletes’ optimal mental performance and efficiency.