درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

این تحقیق یادگیری لغات انگلیسی برای درک مطلب دانش آموزان از طریق آموزش تکلیف محور را مورد بررسی قرار داد. صد و سی وپنج دانش آموز دختر دبیرستانی از دو سطح مختلف تحصیلی یعنی کلاس اول و چهارم از یکی از دبیرستان های شهر اصفهان انتخاب شدند. آن ها به طور تصادفی در چهار گروه یعنی دو کلاس شاهد و دو کلاس آزمایش در دو سطح مختلف قرار گرفتند. جهت ارزیابی درک مطلب دانش آموزان در ابتدای شروع ترم و قبل از تدریس دروس یک آزمون از هر چهار گروه به عمل آورده شد. گروه های آزمایش لغات چهار درس را از طریق آموزش تکلیف محور و گروه های شاهد همان تعداد دروس را به شیوه ی سنتی آموزش دیدند. در پایان ترم، درک مطلب دو گروه در هر دو سطح توسط آزمون دیگری مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج به دست آمده از طریق مقایسه ی میانگین بین دوکلاس شاهد وآزمایش در هر دو سطح نشان داد که گروه آزمایش که از طریق تکلیف محور آموزش دیده بودند بهتر از گروه کنترل که به شیوه سنتی آموزش دیده بودند به آزمون پاسخ داده بودند. همچنین تست نمونه مستقل نشان داد که عملکرد کلاس اولی ها بهتر از عملکرد کلاس چهارمی ها بود.

The current study aimed at investigating the academic learning needs of Iranian undergraduate students of English Language and Literature from the perspective of 320 stakeholders including undergraduate students (n=252), graduates (n=51), English literature instructors (n=7), and language instructors (n=10). To this aim, atriangulation of the most important data collection instruments of needs analysis (i.e., questionnaires, class observations, and semistructured interviews) was adopted for data collection at eight different Iranian state universities. The results of data analysis revealed that the above-mentioned students are not adequately equipped with learning and communication strategies during their academic and preacademic studies. The results of the current study may promise implications for the provision of some extracurricular EFL courses at the tertiary and senior high school levels in order to enhance students’ sociocultural and strategic competence based on the shared decision-making process among different stakeholders in the course design community

Assessing learners’ present and real life language needs can contribute to learners’ active participation in learning processes. Assessing learners’ taskbased needs and aligning them with pedagogical tasks are significant in English for medical purpose (EMS) courses. The main objectives of the present study were to assess learners’ needs and to determine whether they are practiced in EMS courses. In this study, pedagogical tasks practiced in EMS courses at universities of medical sciences in Iran were identified and the taskbased language learners practiced by stakeholders in real life situations were assessed. The results showed that some of the pedagogical tasks were not aligned with the real life task-based needs. Moreover, the pedagogical tasks and task-based needs were not aligned in terms of mode, channel, and degree of interaction. The results can be applied by EMS teachers and material developers for meeting the learners’ specific needs.

The importance of input has been a broadly documented concept in the field of second or foreign language acquisition. However, kinds of input and ways of its presentation are among the controversial issues in L2 classroom research. Therefore, this study was designed to compare the effects of three kinds of input-based instruction on intake and acquisition of the English causative structures by Iranian EFL learners. A total of 105 university students in four intact classes were randomly assigned to four different conditions: processing instruction (PI), textual input enhancement (TE), consciousness-raising (C-R), and control (CO). A pretest/posttest (immediate and delayed) design was used, where participants’ ability to interpret and produce the target structure was assessed through administering a multiple choice interpretation test and a sentence-level production test. Moreover, a grammaticality judgment test was run to assess the amount of intake. Results revealed that learners in the PI group significantly outperformed learners in the other groups on both immediate/delayed production posttests. The findings also indicated that, C-R group could not retain the significant effect of instruction on delayed production posttest and TE tasks were not effective in improving the learners’ production of the target structure. Moreover, the PI group outperformed the other groups on grammaticality judgment test too. Based on these findings, we can conclude that PI which encompasses the most outstanding features of both focus on form and meaning instruction might be a more effective approach in helping EFL learners to acquire the target grammatical forms.

Despite their widespread popularity and rapid growth, the Internet-mediated English educational materials for learners of English as a foreign/second language (FL/SL) have rarely been analyzed in terms of their potential hidden curriculum. Accordingly, the present study aims to address this need through conducting a CDA investigation into some lessons which are randomly selected from an English educational website called “Englishcentral.” Adapting, expanding, and adopting some elements of Van Leeuwen’s (2008) Social Actor Network, the researchers attempt to describe and explain the representation of “Iran” in Englishcentral. Investigating and thematizing the research data revealed that the keyword “Iran” was used in this website to refer to three groups of social actors, namely the Iranian government and officials, Iranian people, and Iranian people and/or government/officials. The way these social actors are associated and dissociated, activated and passivated, personalized and impersonalized creates remarkable findings which give support to the presence of particular hidden agenda in this program. In all, the results of this study reveal that the Iranian social actors are portrayed unfavorably in Englishcentral, which is an alleged English educational program.

مطالعه حاضر با استناد به فلسفه ی انکارپذیری پوپر سعی بر آن داشته تا به طور تجربی بررسی کند که آیا عواملی مانند جنسیت، آشنایی با موضوع متن، علاقه به موضوع یا محتوای متن، حدس زدن جواب سوالات، و عوامل مربوط به بافت اجتماعی می توانند بر پایه ی قوی از فلسفه ی انکارپذیری استوار باشند. در این مطالعه عملکرد آزمون درک مطلب 203 دانشجوی زبان ایرانی شامل 110 زن و 93 مرد به وسیله ی مدل آماری رگراسیون لوجستیک و نظریه پاسخ-سوال (IRT) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که برای عوامل آشنایی با متن و جنسیت تنها مدل رگراسیون توانست عملکرد افتراقی را نشان دهد که این نتایج تاثیر جنسیت را تایید می کرد ولی نتایج مربوط به آشنایی با متن کاملا متناقض بود. نتایج حاصل از دو مدل رگراسیون و IRT در خصوص درآمد و حدس زدن جواب سوالات در تضاد با یکدیگر قرار داشتند ولی نتایج مربوط به تحصیلات والدین و محل سکونت با هم همراستا بوده و تاثیری معنادار بر عملکرد افتراقی سوالات آزمون درک مطلب داشتند.

بررسی انتقال دانش منظورشناختی افراد از زبان مادری به زبان دوم یا زبان خارجی، همواره یکی از موضوعات مورد توجه محققین بوده است. با این وجود، در بین نتایج به دست آمده از مطالعات اندکی که قابلیت این انتقال را مورد بررسی قرار داده اند، اختلافاتی وجود دارد. مطالعه حاضر تلاشی بوده است در بررسی قابلیت انتقال فارسی به انگلیسی استراتژی های رد درخواست توسط زبان آموزان فارسی زبان. به طور مشخص، تأثیرات درجه سختی شرایطی که در آن درخواستی رد می شود و همچنین نوع درخواست رد شده بر قابلیت این انتقال بررسی شده است. برای این منظور پرسشنامه ای به کمک 60 زبان آموز فارسی زبان طراحی شده و در نهایت توسط 74 شرکت کننده اصلی در مطالعه تکمیل شد. نتایج به دست آمده حاکی از تأثیر دو جانبه درجه سختی شرایط و نوع درخواست رد شده بر قابلیت انتقال دانش منظورشناختی افراد است. این به این معنی است که آگاهی زبان آموزان از شرایطی که تحت تأثیر آنها درخواستی را رد می کنند، در تصمیم گیری نهایی آنها در اینکه کدام قسمت از دانش خود از زبان اول را به دیگر زبان ها انتقال دهند، تأثیرگذار است.

در سالهای اخیر، پژوهش در زمینه یادگیری زبان عوامل موثر بر انتخاب راهکارهای یادگیری زبان بویژه راهکارهای مهارت نگارش به منظور ارتقا یادگیری را بیش از پیش مورد توجه قرار داده است. نوع شخصیت به عنوان یکی از عوامل موثر در کانون توجه پژوهش حاضر قرار دارد که هدفش مطالعه راهکارهای نگارش در رابطه با نوع شخصیت در چند دانشگاه ایران بود. به این منظور، پرسشنامه راهکارهای مهارت نگارش مورد استفاده قرار گرفت تا راهکارهای حافظه ای، شناختی، جبرانی، فراشناختی، اجتماعی و عاطفی مورد استفاده ۲۱۰ نفر شرکت کننده در این پژوهش را مشخص نماید. پرسشنامه مایر بریگز برای مشخص کردن نوع شخصیت شرکت کنندگان مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. تحلیل نظرات ابراز شده شرکت کنندگان رابطه معنی داری را بین راهکارهای ارتباطی و نوع شخصیت نشان می دهد. بر اساس نظرات ابراز شده همچنین مشخص شد که راهکارهای فراشناختی و شناختی پر بسامدترین راهکارها و راهکارهای حافظه ای با کمترین بسامد مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند.

در این مقاله، مسئله تدوین کتاب درسی برای دوره مقدماتی آموزش زبان روسی در ایران بررسی می شود. نویسندگان سعی دارند نیازهای آموزشی نوین را که به هنگام انتخاب محتوای درسی برای این دوره حائز اهمیت هستند، تجزیه و تحلیل کنند و در این راستا به اصول فراگیری زبان روسی توسط ایرانیان تکیه می نمایند. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده در نظر گرفتن ویژگی های ملی و حتی آداب و سنت ها در روند آموزش مقدماتی زبان خارجی تأثیر مثبت خواهد داشت و به ارتقای اثربخشی آموزش کمک خواهد کرد. در این مقاله همچنین برخی اصول انتخاب مواد درسی در آموزشِ مؤثرِ خط و املا و نیز روش استفاده از برنامه های کامپیوتری در آموزش زبان روسی به دانشجویان ایرانی مورد بررسی قرار می گیرد.

Due to the potent role of critical thinking in learners’ academic success and its connection with factors conducive to learning such as argumentation ability, the present study seeks to primarily probe the correlation between Iranian EFL learners’ critical thinking ability and their argumentative writing achievement, and investigate the predictability of the students’ argumentative writing achievement based on their scores on critical thinking scale. Furthermore, the effect of gender on Iranian EFL learners’ argumentative writing achievement was investigated. In so doing, 'Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal' (2002) as well as an argumentative writing assignment was employed, and the participants of the study included 178 EFL learners in three universities in Mashhad, Iran. Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) was utilized to analyze the data. The results substantiated the positive correlation between critical thinking ability and argumentative writing revealing that these two variables significantly and positively related to each other; among the predictors (subscales of the critical thinking) of argumentative writing, inference, assumptions, arguments were the stronger predictors. Finally, gender was not found to significantly affect Iranian EFL learners’ argumentative writing achievement. The conclusions and implications of this study are pointed out with reference to foreign language teaching context.

This study aims to compare the effects of four types of FFI on second language vocabulary learning. To do so, the study adopted a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design, including five groups, each receiving a distinct treatment. The participants were 80 fourth-grade male students ranging in age from 17 to 19. Before the treatment phase, the participants took a researcher-made test of vocabulary as a pretest which was meant to measure the participants’ prior knowledge about the target words. After the treatment phase, the participants took a researcher-made test of vocabulary as posttest to measure the students' achievement of the target words. Independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were run to analyze the scores from the pretest and the posttest. The results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between proactive and reactive FonF in the comprehension mode in terms of promoting vocabulary learning. There was also no statistically significant difference between these two forms of FonF in the production mode in terms of promoting vocabulary learning. However, there was a statistically significant difference between the comprehension-based and production-based FonF in enhancing vocabulary learning. These results extend the positive effect of FFI to L2 vocabulary teaching/learning.

Few studies can be found which have directly addressed the issue of burn-out by considering the influence of teachers’ coping resources such as emotional intelligence and reflectivity especially in an EFL context. Therefore, in order to bridge this gap, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship among teachers’ burnout, emotional intelligence, and reflectivity with a sample of 125 Iranian EFL teachers from several private language institutes in Kurdistan and Hamedan. Moreover, differences in the teachers’ burnout, emotional intelligence, and reflectivity scores were examined with respect to teachers’ teaching experiences. To answer the research questions, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey, Teacher Reflectivity Questionnaire, and Bar-On EQ-I Scale were used and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation, Multiple Regression and MANOVA analyses were utilized. The findings showed that emotional intelligence and reflectivity were reversely correlated with burnout, and they could both predict the level of burnout. The results of the study also revealed that there were significant differences between teachers’ level of emotional intelligence with respect to their teaching experience. However, no significant differences were found between teachers’ burnout and reflectivity with respect to their teaching experience. Implications of the study are discussed in details in the paper.