درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The objective of this study is to introduce a model for factors affecting organizational architecture in Islamic Azad University. Methodology: This is an applied research in terms of objective, and a descriptive research in terms of collecting data. In addition, according to the objective and nature of the research, this is an exploratory research. The statistical population consists of all faculty members working in Islamic Azad University; i.e.31000 members. Based on cluster sampling method and Morgan table, the sample must include 379 members; however, for prevention of probable loss, we finally selected 500 members. Data is collected through interviews and a questionnaire. The validity of the research instrument is confirmed by content validity. The reliability is measured based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Findings: The findings define factors affecting organizational architecture as: educational and research factor, organizational support and participation factor, physical factor, size of organization, and psychological factor. Discussion: A model is introduced considering the mentioned factors, which is well fitted. According to the model, factors affecting organizational architecture in Islamic Azad University are in a good current status; however, there is a difference between the current and the desirable status of factors influencing organizational architecture in Islamic Azad University.

Purpose: The concept of teacher competency is one of the key concepts in the document of the fundamental transformation of education. Different researchers have presented three approaches in various terms for modeling competency such as adaptive approach, adaptive-design approach, and design approach. Top-down and bottom-up approach is another division of competency modeling. Methodology: The present study is operational in terms of purpose and the method of collecting its data, is mixed. In this way, the first part of the present study is descriptive-correlation because this study aimed to collect the necessary information for determining the teachers' competency indicators and is qualitative research method such as content analysis method to extract the components from the top-level documents contained in the document of the fundamental transformation of education. Findings: On the other hand, since one of the research goals is to extract a questionnaire to determine the indicators and attributes of teachers based on the high education documents, quantitative research methods and factor analysis methods such as exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used. Conclusion: Overall, the result of the present study shows that each competency is a complex combination of motivation, mental ability, practical knowledge and practical skill that increases the probability of a person's success in a certain role, which is clearly tangible, and the existence of it ensures him for the acceptance of responsibility of that role.

Purpose: in the present study, the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation and academic buoyancy with the role of mediating self-disability in students has been studied. Methodology: The present study was descriptive-correlational. The research population included all female secondary school students in Sabzevar City. 323 students were randomly selected as the sample in a multistage cluster sampling method. They completed Jones and Rodwellt Self-Handicapping Scale (1982), Garnfesky, Kareev and Spinhaun (2001) Emotional Cognitive Regulation Questionnaire and Dehghanizadeh and حسینchary (2012) Academic Buoyancy Questionnaire. Findings: The results of the research indicated that the model of the research had excellent fitting and self-handicapping has a mediating role in the relationship between emotional cognitive regulation and students’ academic buoyancy. Also, 79% of the variations in academic buoyancy are explained through the strategies of positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation and academic self-handicapping and 74% of the variations in academic self-handicapping are explained through the strategies of positive and negative emotion cognitive regulation. Discussion: As a result, it should be acknowledged that students who grow up to develop strong emotions could handle social barriers and pressure well, and manage behaviors that can mitigate their academic achievement. Therefore, the emotional stress of students in dealing with stressful situations affects self-handicapping and, consequently, their academic buoyancy.

Purpose: In this article, we will examine the obligation that the parties to the revocable contract are permitted to fulfill their obligations to this contract until the contract is continued and not terminated, as well as study the rules governing the formation and rules governing the dissolution of the revocable contracts. Methodology: The present research is applied in terms of purpose and content analysis method. In the organization of research, the documentary and library methods have been used and the information analysis has been obtained qualitatively and based on the inference of the researcher on the sources and texts. Findings: One of the most important legal institutions and organizations in all legal systems is contract and agreement so that today it is considered as the main means of legal and economic construction of human societies and is the cornerstone of many socio-economic relations of people in the society. The stability and security of the socio-economic relations of the society and the maintenance of public order depend on the credit of contracts and the adherence of individuals to their duty and responsibility and obligation to the contract and the implementation of its provisions. Article 184 of the Civil Code of Iran refers only indistinctly to the two divisions and without specifying the divider of each type and direction of division. It's as though the aforementioned types are one of the divider. Article 184 stipulates that contracts and transactions shall be divided into the following categories: binding contract, revocable contract, optional contract, unconditional contract and conditional contract. Conclusion: Regardless of the fact that people such as Mirza Naini Sheikh Mousa Khansari in Manieh al-Taleb are not considered revocable contract as a valid contract, nevertheless, the division of contracts into binding and revocable has two practical uses. In the binding contract, the two parties to the contract or one of them are committed to their covenant and cannot arbitrarily break the covenant, but, in the revocable contract, they can terminate the contract without any impediment. The revocable contract is dissolved for the death and madness and imbecility of a party.

Sociological analysis of the foreign investment process in Iran during the pre and post Islamic Revolution periods has undergone many fluctuations. Foreign investment in Iran was under the influence of political fluctuations, and attempts have been undertaken in each period to create a safe environment for attracting foreign capital by resorting to various compilations. What sets Islam as a privileged and outstanding religion at any given time is that it considers all aspects of life and, principally, has put all parts of human life in the path of true evolution with its original special laws. The basic role of jurisprudence in relation to the economy and the appropriate solutions for regulating economic relations and the formulation of a standard in the economic regulations has been highlighted in the foreign investment affairs, the use of rules, regulations, and principles of the law in the conflict of individual and social interests. After the Islamic Revolution, foreign investment, with emphasis on jurisprudential and Islamic foundations, brought about tremendous changes in the field of Iranian-Islamic urban spaces.

Purpose: Entrepreneurship is the basis and foundation of successful economy and a hope for developing economic systems. Nowadays, engineering students must become engineers with entrepreneurial attitude. Unemployment of graduates of higher education is one of the recent problems of many countries of the world and one basic issue of higher education is development of factors affecting entrepreneurship in graduates. Method: In terms of method, this study is a descriptive study and in terms of purpose, it is an applied research and is also a qualitative study in terms of data. Data collection instrument is semi-structured interview and to determine sample size, purposeful sampling is used because of considering quality of data from sampling to theoretical saturation. Result: Academic experts and entrepreneurship lecturers and faculty members in relation with entrepreneurship and industry are selected and after the interviews, the data analysis is done through open and axial coding. Discussion: Hence, 15 factors affecting entrepreneurship of students are classified including education, research, motivation and entrepreneurial capacity, attitude, personality, information technology, management support, environment, entrepreneurship skills, culture, family, entrepreneurship lesson, commercialization and infrastructure.

Purpose: The present study aims at offering an appropriate pattern for strategic human resources management (SHRM) based on intellectual, cultural and psychological capitals in Islamic Azad Universities from Mazandaran Province. The current study is a descriptive-analytical research in terms of the objectives it is in pursue of and it is generally enumerated among the applied research. Method: The study population included all the faculty members from Islamic Azad Universities in Mazandaran Province who were studied in the curriculum year of 2015-2016. 320 individuals from faculty members’ population in various Islamic Azad University branches in Mazandaran Province were selected as the study sample volume based on Morgan’s table and through taking advantage of a simple randomized sampling method. The data were collected by the use of intellectual capital questionnaire designed by Bontis in 1998, the cultural capital questionnaire made by Gerami in 2012) and the psychological capital questionnaire constructed by Luthans et al (2005) and finally through administering the strategic human resources management questionnaire made by Boyle et al (2015). Finding: To analyze the data, structural equations model was used. The study findings are suggestive of the idea that human capital, structural capital, cultural capital, relational capital and psychological capital exert positive and significant effects on the strategic human resources management. Conclusion: Furthermore, structural capital, cultural capital, relational capital and psychological capital were not found having a significant effect on the structural capital and it is through investing on intellectual, cultural and psychological grounds that a competitive advantage can be obtained through improving the strategic human resources management.

Purpose: The purpose of the present research is to review the effectiveness of philosophy education program for children on critical thinking and its components in elementary fourth-grader girl students. Material and method: This was a semi-experimental study with designing pretest and posttest and the control group with following-up phase. Findings: This statistical population consists of elementary fourth-grader girl students in Arak, district 2. The sample of this research consists of 50 students that were selected by convenience sampling method and divided to two control and test groups. Shabani (1999) critical thinking questionnaire was used for data collection. Discussion: The results of covariance analysis showed that execution of the philosophy education program for children improves critical thinking, recognition ability, analogizing, and judgments in children (P<0.05). Furthermore, the effectiveness of philosophy education program for children was durable in fallowing-up test.

In recent years, technologies have been developed which have made it possible to commercially develop vast quantities of petroleum and natural gas resources that were previously known to exist but which could not be commercially developed using conventional techniques. When the co-owners of petroleum and natural gas rights decide to use a joint venture structure, they typically enter in to a joint operating agreement (joa) to govern operations relating to the jointly owned petroleum and natural gas rights. A JOA is the constitution which the tenants in common that co-own the joint land right must adhere to for the duration of their co-ownership. Where it is held by several persons, the concession typically that those persons will be jointly and severally liable to the government for the proper performance of the terms of the concession. This means that government could, if it so wished, look to enforce the terms of the concession against any one the parties which are together the concession holders. The JOA reallocates the position of joint and several liabilities between the parties through provision that the party’s liability inter se will be apportioned according to several predetermined share. The JOA typically relates to a single concession and applies in respect of petroleum operations in the area which is identified within that concession.

Purpose: A descriptive study was conducted at Aluminum Corporation in Iran in order to construct a causal model of organizational citizenship behavior based on personality factors with mediation of job involvement, job self-efficacy, factual well-being and organizational commitment. Material and method: The research sample consisted of 360 employees of the mentioned company selected by stratified random sampling method. Organizational citizenship behavior, personality, job involvement, job self-efficacy, occupational well-being, and organizational commitment questionnaire was used to collect data. Findings: The research analysis was performed using correlation, structural equations. Finally, the findings of the research showed that between personality factors and organizational citizenship behavior is significant relation. Job self-efficacy factors and organizational commitment have a direct and indirect effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Discussion: However, the factor of well-being of the subject only had a direct effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Also, the factor of job involvement only indirectly influences organizational citizenship behavior.

Purpose: The aim of the present study is Identify and develops effective components on competency model of elementary school principals in Tehran. Method: This study is combinations type that discovery in the form of mixed research. The study population included all managers and assistants Tehran elementary schools in the qualitative section using theoretical sampling 35 subjects and in quantity section, using simple random sampling method, 250 managers and deputies managed primary schools were selected as samples. The data collected from semi-structured interviews and standardized questionnaires. The data were analyzed using content analysis and structural equation modeling. Findings: The obtained results indicate four components eligibility of the individuals, competence, interpersonal, managerial competencies and academic merit and expertise with the index 137. That in order of priority managerial competencies 32 index, Eligibility of the individuals with 54 indexes, Interpersonal competencies 24 Index and academic and professional qualifications of with 17 indicators, Scientific competence and expertise with 10 indexes, career and professional qualifications of the 27 indicators competency model are as the most important components of the country's education system elementary school principals. Conclusion: And these components have a significant positive effect on the competence of elementary school principals and managerial competencies.

Article history: Received date: 11 September, 2016 Review date: 12 October 2016 Accepted date:13 November 2016 Printed on line: 5 January 2017 Abstract Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on Young's areas of manipulative schema in spouses of veterans with Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Materials & Methods: A quasi-experimental method with per-test and post- test with control group design was conducted. Twenty spouses of veterans with PTSD after the screening were assigned to experimental and control groups. Secondary trauma stress scale was used for screening, and veterans' spouse who have low score in this scale were identified and were randomly assigned to experimental and control group. The early manipulative scheme Scale-Short Form (YSQ-SF), was used for gathering of data. Treatment program was used in 31 sessions for experimental group. Data were analyzed with test of ANCOVA and MANCOVA. Findings: The results showed that the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on modifying of early manipulative schema was significant in three areas of Disconnection/ Rejection, over vigilance/Inhibition and Other-Directness. But in the areas of Impaired Autonomy and/or Performance, and Impaired Limits did not change significantly. Discussion: Cognitive-behavioral therapy could significantly change early manipulative schema in spouses of veterans with PTSD

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between thinking styles functions and learning styles with the rate of test anxiety of students. Material & Method: Method of research was correlation. Statistical population was the high school students (male& female) in Arak city. According to the multistage cluster random sampling, first, the dual areas of education Arak city was selected by one area of education, then 400 students (200 female & 200 male) completed the Kolb Learning Styles Inventory (1991) and Sternberg-Wagner thinking Styles Inventory (1992). Data were analyzed using descriptive findings Including mean, standard deviation and frequency distribution and also were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and one-way Anova. Findings: findings indicated significant relationship between the executive and judicial thinking styles and also legal thinking style with students' test anxiety. The results showed that assimilate learning style than most other styles have been less test anxiety. Discussion: students who follow thinking and learning styles which best fits to their personality characteristic experience less test anxiety.