درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose- This study aims to demonstrate the factors affecting the current development pattern of second homes, emphasizing on the role of spatial planning in the forest villages that are considered as the tourism destinations of Mazandaran province.Design/methodology/approach- This is a descriptive-analytical study carried out in nine villages of nine county of Mazandaran as tourism destinations. The statistical population consisted of 18 rural managers and 1980 rural households in the under-study villages.Findings- The ANOVA results showed that the institutional-political factor of social-cultural dimension, with the mean of 3.7133 had the highest effect on the current development pattern of second homes.Research limitations/implications- As the statistical population of the present study consisted of rural managers, it was difficult to have access to the managers since they were involved in agricultural works.Practical implications- Based on the current pattern of second home development, the distribution pattern of the spatial planning of second homes was designed. In order to sustain second home development, the negative points in each step of the input, activity, short-term, and long-term consequences should be reduced or eliminated.Originality/value- Since second home tourism is one of the different types of rural tourism that plays a main role in the development of rural areas, and considering the importance of second home tourism in the development of rural areas and their impact on the villagers' life, it is necessary to clarify the factors affecting second home development. Therefore, this study aims to improve the proper distribution of spatial planning in second homes by providing a spatial planning pattern for second home development.

Purpose- Due to its special geographical location in the arid and semi-arid climate belt of the world, Iran suffers from water scarcity and limited usable water resources, notably considering the population growth and increasing demand for water and food. High water consumption in agriculture as one of the main water use sectors is estimated as 90% of total water, thereby necessitating consideration of water conservation methods. However, there are a number of barriers to use the current water conservation practices. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the barriers to equipping agricultural lands with the new irrigation technologies in Shahrabaad rural district, Bardaskan city. Design/methodology/approach- This is an applied study in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, carried out using the random sampling method. The sample size was 338 households in the research area which was determined using Cochran's formula. Data were collected based on field and library studies. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by university professors and experts. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.78 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Moreover, the TOPSIS fuzzy model was used to rank the villages in terms of the effect of barriers to using the new irrigation technologies, and SPSS software was used for analyzing the research questions. Findings: Results showed that the economic dimension was the most important barriers to using the new irrigation technologies. In addition, low-socioeconomic status of the farmers and small loans are the most prominent barriers to equipping agricultural lands with the new irrigation technologies in the research rural district. Research limitations/implications - unavailability of statistical information when referring to the agricultural jihad and the governor’s office, and completing the questionnaire, depending on the subject at the village level, is one of the main challenges of the present study. Practical implications - Given the specific research findings, it is necessary for agriculture and water policy-makers take serious measures concerning the incentive (low-interest and long-term loans, micro-land integration and the like) and punitive (imposing restrictions on traditional land users and stipulating other supports to change the irrigation method) instruments, because otherwise water restriction and the consequences of water scarcity will be challenging in  many areas and even may lead to a serious crisis. Originality / value: This study is prima facie significant in terms of statement of the reasons for the barriers to equipping agricultural lands with the new irrigation technologies from the users' perspective and then, in terms of a more detailed analysis of the research findings to change the implementation of traditional irrigation methods.

Purpose - This study, reviewing the literature in rural tourism development, has extracted factors affecting tourism development in rural areas . Design/methodology/approach - Using five approaches in rural tourism development and using a systematic review, this study has extracted factors affecting tourism development in rural areas; Therefore, the researcher studied the existing research in this field and finally 33 articles were selected that were appropriate to the purpose of the research. Finding - Factors of tourism development in rural areas fall into four categories: economic, managerial, socio-cultural and attractions. Regarding the economic factors, investing in the region and the region's willingness to invest were more important. Regarding cultural-social factors, much attention has been paid to issues such as villagers' participation, security in the village, the spirit of hospitality and education to the villagers in tourism. Planning and attention by the government, as well as efficient local management, are key factors in management, and about attractions, natural attractions such as natural landscapes, communication attractions such as proximity to cities and having access to roads and Communication and welfare attractions such as having accommodation facilities have been very prominent. Research limitations/implications - Carrying out further studies to classify the factors affecting tourism according to the climatic and cultural diversity of the villages. Weighting of extracted factors and planning on factors that have more weight and conducting studies by providing operational solutions for tourism development are needed. Unable to read some articles because of lack of full text. Practical implications - All economic, managerial, socio-cultural factors and attractions are essential in achieving tourism development with just slight defferent in impact weight. Therefore, it is necessary to have a comprehensive view of all factors in order to policy in rural tourism. The present study also showed the need for research to provide solutions for tourism development; Therefore, considering the community-based, economic, geographical and sustainable development approaches, it is necessary to provide solutions for the development of rural tourism with a comprehensive view of all factors. Originality / value - The novelty of the article is the use of systematic review method, which has received less attention from researchers in this field. The results of this research will be used among three bodies: scientific and elite, social and popular, organizational and managerial.