درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The tourism industry, as one of the leading developing industries, has a special place in the economies of countries today and with its effects plays an active and effective role in improving the economic, socio-cultural and environmental structure of societies. Astara city, with its special capabilities and tourism opportunities, has a special place in tourism in Gilan province. The nature of this applied research is descriptive-analytical method and its purpose is developmental. The statistical population of this study is all residents of Astara city and using Cochran's formula and Jesse Morgan's table, 383 people are considered as the sample size. This research was conducted by survey method and the validity of the questionnaire was approved by a panel of experts and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.98. The results indicate that the development of tourism has had a significant effect on the development of Astara city. The results of the Chi-square test show that tourism has played a significant role in increasing employment and job opportunities, increasing the income of the local community from retailing goods and renting villas and housing, improving local infrastructure, reducing migration and increasing participation in collective work. Finally, according to the research results, practical suggestions are presented.

There is no doubt that tourism plays an important role in the revitalization and diversification of communities, but at the same time it can cause the effects and changes that this industry has on society, changes in the social, economic and living environment of the regions. It is complex and varies from region to region, so the effects it has are very different and vary from region to region. The purpose of the present study by descriptive-analytical method; is investigating the effects of religious tourism from the perspective of cultural patterns and examples of Islam and Islamic jurisprudence, as well as providing strategies for the tourism industry based on Islamic religious models by collecting library information and documentary. The results of the research show that tourism and travel from the Islamic point of view is not only not limited but while emphasizing tourism, its Islamic dimensions and examples are also abundant.

The purpose of this research is to clarify the importance of economic equilibrium of tourism contracts and prove the importance and relevance of public order to economic equilibrium. The school of law and economics is one of the most important schools of law among applied law system. The primary purpose of the economic equilibrium of tourism contracts is to provide and guarantee the interests of parties efficiently and this function should lead to socio-economic efficiently for the whole society. For this purpose, a superior power must be able to guarantee the economic equilibrium of the tourism contracts and establish a strong executive guarantee to avoid disrupting contracts. In other words, protecting the economic equilibrium of tourism contracts is the task of an institution called public order and lawyers and economists believe that the task of enforcing public order is one of the duties of the state.The results of this study show that maintaining the economic equilibrium of a ground in order to achieve exchangeable justice in its true sense as well as the main goals of community contracts (contracts in society) As a result, it guarantees the effectiveness of the contract in the interest of social interest, and also, the economic equilibrium of the tourism contract must be consistent with socio-economic and legal criteria and the lack of economic equilibrium will lead to inefficiency of the contract and one of the obvious effects not doing that will be ineffectiveness of the contract and termination of the contract.

 Second homes tourism is one of the patterns of tourism expansion especially in rural and mountainous areas that is achieved through the expansion of the ownership of second homes (upcountry or holiday homes). Despite the relatively long history of second homes in rural areas, second home tourism has recently experienced a resurgence, often due to new patterns of production and economic consumption. The purpose of this study was to investigate the second homes in tourism in Damavand. The city has been attracted by tourists, especially homeowners, due to its specific geographical location, such as the countryside, beautiful highlands and valleys, lack of pollution in the cities, and its terms of its easy access to this city. Descriptive and analytical research method and processing of 127 questionnaires in SPSS environment showed that there is a significant relationship between second homes and tourism development.

Sustainable Urban Tourism Management and Planning in today's world have become indisputable and undeniable. In this context, given this tourism, it is a phenomenon that is partly and in part a denominator of the whole economic, political, social and cultural system of a country. As a result, trying to flourish it requires management and system planning. The purpose of this paper is to examine the necessity of management and systematic planning of sustainable tourism in metropolitan areas of Iran. The main question of the article is that the management and planning of sustainable tourism system in the metropolitan areas of Iran should have what model and specifications? The hypothesis we are trying to analyze in this article is to answer the main question. The systematic planning of sustainable tourism in the metropolitan areas of Iran should bring all the institutions of the sovereignty of the country, especially the security institutions, in to a workable and sustainable cycle. The method of this paper is an analytical descriptive study in which it will try to study the subject of the research using scientific and research papers as well as scientific and research articles. The results of the article show that Sustainable tourism management and planning in the metropolis of Iran is a complex and challenging phenomenon that it requires government administration and planning at the legislative and executive levels and regulatory levels.