مرتضی نورمحمدی

The study of the cultural and identity status of societies affected by various phenomena and variables, including educational, cultural and artistic systems, is one of the fundamental special works in the field of political sociology. By studying and researching cultural and identity changes in societies, the researcher is aware of the reasons, contexts, effects and consequences of this. The present study investigates the effects and consequences of language hegemony on the culture and identity of language learners in the Iranian Language Center between 2005 and 2017. Accordingly, this research is classified as a descriptive research based on the result and purpose of applied research, and in terms of method, and in terms of data collection in the field of survey research. According to the sample size, 277 questionnaires were prepared and provided to students of the Iranian Language Center to collect information. Based on the analysis of the collected data, the Iranian society can be called a marginal society in which English is still recognized as a foreign language and not a second language. The two mechanisms of knowledge and educational skills, and in particular the centrality of the English language and culture, are very prominent and effective among learners and even English teachers. It is in such circumstances that it is possible to form and expand the hegemony of the English language in Iranian society as a result of the current trend of the development of this language, which has been associated with a kind of dependence of our educational system on the central communities; And acknowledged in the absence of any linguistic sensitivity or realistic and logical language planning.

The contemporary political and economic relations between Iran and India, two major Asian powers are affected by various domestic, regional and international elements, especially after the Islamic revolution in Iran in 1979. The gradual increase of economic and political power of India in the regional and global interactions and the dominance of Look East Doctrine in the attitude of some of the Iranian decision-makers have caused both countries plan and pursue a new level of relations in terms of a strategic relationship framework. The relations between Iran and India have gone through many changes in the recent years such as energy security, nuclear program, relations between India and America and developments in Afghanistan. These developments have, on the one hand, created many limitations and on other hand many opportunities for the extension of bilateral relations between both countries. The question that arises now is whether Iran and India could enter the field of strategic alliance with each other? Iran and India share historical and cultural relations with strong roots and both countries are after a balanced and multi-polar power system against the America's unipolar system. It is to be noted that the way is paved for their political, economic and transportation cooperation among others. The hypothesis is that common interests and mutual vulnerabilities have strengthened the capacities for bilateral cooperation in the fields of economy and security. However,  the formation of  a strategic relationship between the two countries seems difficult due to the strategic relations between India and America, India and Israel and a lack of common vision on the power structure in international system.

Since 1950s, Iran and Saudi Arabia have considered each other as a rival and competition between two countries includes a wide range of issues. This field of competition along with a number of material and spiritual factors has caused conflicts in the relations of Tehran-Riyadh. Owing to this fact, a series of perceptions have occupied their minds which can be called a discourse. The discourse consisted of a set of factors such as religion, ethnicity and the nature of the political system. This research seeks to study the role and position of culture in advent of conflicts in Iran and Saudi Arabia’s relations. The methodology of the article is based on data analysis and content analysis. The results of the research indicate that the dualization of Arab/Ajam, Shiite-Sunni antagonism, and the conservative/ revolutionary approaches are the cultural foundations of conflict between Iran and Saudi Arabia. These findings show that an increase in cultural interactions, especially through non-governmental organizations and informal channels can reform perceptions and decrease tensions. Iran and Saudi Arabia can improve relations through emphasis on common grounds e.g. common beliefs, common interests in confrontation terrorism and stability in region.