پرویز بیرجندی

پرویز بیرجندی

مطالب

فیلتر های جستجو: فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۱ تا ۲۰ مورد از کل ۴۹ مورد.
۱.

ارتقا سطح حرفه ای معلمان زبان با افزایش کفایت فردی از طریق همکاری آنان در یک بستر غیرحضوری(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

تعداد بازدید : 132 تعداد دانلود : 54
هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی تأثیر همکاری معلمان در یک بستر غیر حضوری طراحی شده برای کمک به ارتقا سطح حرفه ای آن ها از طریق افزایش کفایت فردی بوده است. شبکه های اجتماعی آنلاین فرصت های جدیدی را برای ارتقا سطح معلمان زبان از طریق مشارکت در بحث های غیرحضوری فراهم می کنند. بدین منظور تحقیق حاضر تلاش دارد تا با در نظر گرفتن سهم خود در زمینه آموزش زبان، برای آماده سازی معلمان زبان در جهت ارتقا سطح حرفه ای آنان گام برداشته و بینش موثری ایجاد نماید. شرکت کنندگان تحت یک طرح شبه آزمایشی شامل سه مرحله پیش آزمون، مرحله آموزشی و پس آزمون قرار گرفتند. یافته ها نشان داد که همکاری در شبکه های اجتماعی به طور قابل توجهی کفایت فردی معلمان را افزایش می دهد که به نوبه خود به پیشرفت حرفه ای آن ها کمک می کند. بر اساس نتایج، مشارکت در حلقه های بحث مشارکتی، حرفه ای و انتقادی نقش موثری بر مؤلفه کفایت فردی در ارتقا سطح حرفه ای معلمان زبان دارد و جنسیت، سن و سطح تحصیلات معلمان به طور متفاوتی بر رشد حرفه ای آن ها تأثیر می گذارد. نتایج این مطالعه در چارچوب نظریه های اجتماعی- سازنده و فعالیت مورد بحث قرار می گیرد.
۲.

ارتقا سطح حرفه ای معلمان زبان با افزایش کفایت جمعی از طریق همکاری آنان در یک بستر غیرحضوری(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: تربیت معلم کنش انعکاسی کفایت جمعی ارتقا سطح حرفه ای حلقه های مشارکت غیرحضوری

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هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی تأثیر همکاری معلمان در یک بستر غیرحضوری طراحی شده برای کمک به ارتقا سطح حرفه ای آن ها از طریق افزایش کفایت جمعی بوده است. بدین منظور تحقیق کنونی تلاش دارد تا با در نظر گرفتن سهم خود در زمینه آموزش زبان، برای آماده سازی معلمان زبان در جهت ارتقا سطح حرفه ای آنان گام برداشته و بینش موثری ایجاد نماید. شرکت کنندگان تحت یک طرح شبه آزمایشی شامل سه مرحله پیش آزمون، مرحله آموزشی و پس آزمون قرار گرفتند. یافته ها نشان داد که همکاری در شبکه های اجتماعی به طور قابل توجهی کفایت جمعی معلمان را افزایش می دهد که به نوبه خود به پیشرفت حرف ه ای آن ها کمک می کند. براساس نتایج، مشارکت در حلقه های بحث مشارکتی، حرفه ای و انتقادی نقش موثری بر مؤلفه کفایت جمعی در ارتقا سطح حرفه ای معلمان زبان دارد و جنسیت، سن و سطح تحصیلات معلمان به طور متفاوتی بر رشد حرفه ای آن ها تأثیر می گذارد. نتایج این مطالعه در چارچوب نظریه های اجتماعی- سازنده و فعالیت مورد بحث قرار می گیرد.
۳.

Collaborative Discussion Circles: A Path towards Critical Language Teacher Development(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلید واژه ها: ELT Freirean pedagogy postmethod pedagogy reflective action teacher education

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تعداد بازدید : 596
The advent of postmethod pedagogy has completely changed today's conceptualization of language teachers, and the importance of powerful teaching has increasingly gained momentum in the field of TESOL. However, contemporary English language teaching contexts suffer a dearth of a workable package to educate the much-needed autonomous postmethod language teachers who are able to have their own contextualized praxis. As such, the present research aims to nurture the required self-growth and self-development in language teachers through forming collaborative professional and critical discussion circles. Enjoying a mixed method research design whose quantitative section included a quasi-experimental design consisting of three phases--a pretest, an educational 12-week long treatment phase, and a posttest--the results of the study gained by two instruments, namely, the reflective teaching questionnaire developed by Akbari et al. (2010) and two similar language teaching episodes, bore witness to the significant changes in the level of reflectiveness of all 13 language teachers who partook in these discussion circles. Developmentally speaking, participating language teachers were found to initiate the whole process, direct it, and finally evaluate the new experiences further along the road. Hence the ideals of teacher development, self-growth and personal development, were accomplished through the study.
۴.

Self-Assessment, Peer Assessment, Teacher Assessment and their Comparative Effect on EFL Learners’ Second language Writing Strategy Development(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: Peer Self and Teacher Assessment Writing Strategies

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تعداد بازدید : 716 تعداد دانلود : 242
The effect of assessment types (self, peer, and teacher) on the EFL writing strategies development was examined in this study. Sixty upper-intermediate EFL learners at Qazvin Islamic university in four groups (one control and three experimental groups) were studied. One-way ANOVA checked homogeneity of the groups prior to the treatments and, then, the participants’ records and diaries were employed to gather data. Explanatory and descriptive analyses were implemented to analyze and classify the strategies the EFL learners picked up. This provided the type, frequency, and percentage of the strategies the participants mostly employed. The results revealed that the experimental groups, namely, self-assessment group, peer assessment group, and teacher assessment group employed more cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies than the control group. Affective strategies were more appealing to the control group. Focusing on the diction of the words, concentrating on the complex structures used by different writers, and making use of the structures the participants became interested in or found suitable were the most frequently referred to strategies. Teaching strategies the participants more picked up in this study might enhance EFL learners’ writing development at TEFL centers.
۵.

The Effects of Heart Rate Variability on Reading Performance among Iranian EFL Learners(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلید واژه ها: biofeedback training heart-brain coherence heart-rate variability (HRV) reading performance testEdge program

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تعداد بازدید : 237 تعداد دانلود : 445
Psychophysiological studies and MRI neuro-imaging findings provide evidence that heart rate variability (HRV) which is in control of our emotions affects our brain cognitive centers. It has been shown that coherent heart-brain interaction can change the pattern of the afferent cardiac input that is sent to the brain. For this purpose, the Institute of HeartMath (IHM) has proposed a kind of biofeedback training, the TestEdge program, which self-regulates negative emotional learning impediments by increasing HRV measures. It leads to an optimal self-generated psychophysiological state that has an important role in cognitive development through autonomic nervous system dynamics. In the present study, through using IHM self-regulated techniques and tools, the TestEdge program was performed on 63 Iranian EFL learners. In particular, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of HRV measures on reading comprehension performance. The data was measured and recorded by emWave Desktop device. The results confirmed that the intentional heart-focus techniques led to a beneficial mode of psychophysiological coherence of heart-brain interaction. The results indicated significant differences among EFL students with different levels of high, mid, and low coherence and their reading performance.
۶.

Hedges in English for Academic Purposes: A Corpus-based study of Iranian EFL learners

کلید واژه ها: academic writing Corpus Builder Software hedges Iranian corpus of learner English learner corpora

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : 246 تعداد دانلود : 303
Hedges, as tools to express tentativeness and doubt, have been studied in plenty of research papers in the Iranian EFL research setting. However, their use in a learner corpus, portraying Iranian learner English, is in need of more research attention. With this end in view, this study aimed at investigating how Iranian EFL learners who have majored in English-related fields in Iran deployed hedges in their academic, expository essays. This study was conducted through running the corpus analysis software MonoConc Pro-Semester version 2.2 on the electronically compiled Iranian Corpus of Learner English, totaling 436,035 words. Automatic and manual analyses suggested that hedges comprised only 7.4% of the total metadiscourse in the Iranian Corpus of Learner English, with 0.68 occurrences per 1,000,000 words. In a comparable native corpus, a sub-corpus of the British Academic Written English, hedges were used with 1.43 occurrences per 1,000,000 words (21% of the total metadiscourse in the corpus). Log-likelihood statistical analysis confirmed statistically significant differences between the two corpora in terms of the use of hedges, with underuse of hedges in the Iranian academic, expository essays relative to the English natives’ essays. Implementations of the results for English academic writing instruction including genre-based, explicit teaching of hedges through data-driven techniques with the aid of tools such as AntConc software and corpora such as the BAWE are considered.
۷.

An Investigation into Iranian EAP Teachers’ Burnout and its Variations in Relation to Their Demographic and Organizational Characteristics(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: Burnout Depersonalization (DP) Emotional exhaustion (EE) EAP Personal accomplishment (PA)

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تعداد بازدید : 624 تعداد دانلود : 451
Teaching English for Academic Purposes (EAP) courses is highly demanding for EAP teachers as they are faced with diverse pedagogical and administrative challenges in such courses. This study addressed the level of burnout among EAP teachers and variations in relation to their demographic and organizational characteristics. To this aim, a demographic questionnaire along with the Persian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was administered to 276 EAP teachers from state universities in Iran. The results revealed that a considerable number of EAP teachers reported mid-levels of personal accomplishment. Moreover, variations in degree of burnout were found among EAP teachers in relation to marital status, age, years of experience in teaching EAP and content/general English courses, educational background, and the field and number of EAP courses taught. Also, EAP teachers with different demographic and organizational characteristics who were more susceptible to burnout were identified. Finally, implications for enhancing the working conditions of EAP teachers are presented.
۸.

The Impact of Implementing Critical Appraisal on EFL Teachers’ Data Analysis Knowledge

کلید واژه ها: Critical appraisal data analysis knowledge quantitative research research literacy teacher training

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تعداد بازدید : 784 تعداد دانلود : 498
Condemning a laissez faire approach to English Language Teaching (ELT), English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teacher trainers unanimously agree that the building blocks of teachers’ teaching framework are profoundly influenced by conducting research. Focusing on quantitative research, this study endeavored to scrutinize the impact of the Critical Appraisal of Published Research (CAPR) in undergraduate teacher training programs on EFL teachers’ Data Analysis Knowledge (DAK). To this objective, 30 male and female EFL teachers were non-randomly selected and randomly assigned to two groups. In two Research classes, the experimental group received the CAPR whereas the control group received traditional teacher-centered instruction with summative assessment. The DAK section of the Quantitative Research Literacy (QRL) questionnaire was employed as the pretest and posttest. Subsequent to corroborating participants’ pre-treatment homogeneity in terms of DAK, analyzing the post-treatment data through running an independent-samples t-test, eta squared = .338 (representing a large effect size), indicated the existence of a significant difference in the post-treatment DAK scores between the two groups. The obtained results confirmed that the CAPR has a significantly better impact on EFL teachers’ DAK which is a key area of QRL. Therefore, it seems accurate to argue that ELT teacher training programs should endeavor to involve the students in a mentally engaging process, e.g. CAPR, where the content of the course is put into practice by the students, something which is required for balancing the concrete and the abstract.
۹.

بررسی رابطه واگویه، استدلال منطقی و دستاورد زبانی دانشجویان ایرانی از طریق تحلیل مسیر(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: استنتاج ارزشیابی استدلال های منطقی واگویه دستاورد زبانی استدلال منطقی

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پژوهش حاضر بر آن است تا ارتباط بین یکی از جنبه های اصلی نظریه اجتماعی فرهنگی ویگوتسکی (1978)، یعنی واگویه را، با استدلال منطقی و دستاورد زبانی دانشجویان ایرانی بررسی کند. این ارتباط مبتنی بر تعاملی پویا بین قدرت استدلال منطقی و واگویه دانشجویان وهمچنین ارتباط هریک از این ساختارها با دستاورد زبانی آن هاست. برای دستیابی به هدف پژوهش، 200 دانشجوی زبان انگلیسی از دانشگاه های مختلف ایران پرسش نامه هایی را تکمیل کردند. از شرکت کنندگان خواسته شد سه بخش از فعالیت ها (استنباط، استنتاج و ارزشیابی استدلال های منطقی) را از پرسش نامه «ارزیابی تفکر انتقادی واتسون گلیزر»ش (2010) انجام دهند. علاوه بر این، از آن ها خواسته شد به پرسش نامه «واگویه» طراحی شده توسط سیگریست (1995) پاسخ دهند. برای بررسی دستاورد زبانی، از شرکت کنندگان خواسته شد معدل خود را ذکر کنند. مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری برای تحلیل مدل براساس داده ها انجام شد. برای تعیین ناپیوستگی های شناساییشده در مدل، هر مسیر که نمایانگر روابط علی و معلولی است به طور مجزا بررسی شد. داده ها، پیش بینی های نظری در مورد رابطه بین استدلال منطقی و واگویه دانشجویان را تأیید می کنند. به علاوه، تحلیل داده ها نشان داد که واگویه دانشجویان با سه زیرمجموعه استدلال منطقی همبستگی مثبت و قدرت پیش بینی خوبی برای آن ها دارد. علاوه بر این، سه مؤلفه استدلال منطقی به شکل مؤثر و مثبتی میزان دستاورد زبانی دانشجویان ایرانی را پیش بینی می کنند. در نهایت می توان نتیجه گرفت که واگویه می تواند همبستگی غیرمستقیم و مثبتی با دستاورد زبانی دانشجویان داشته باشد.
۱۰.

Towards an Operational Definition of Critical Thinking(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلید واژه ها: Critical thinking Cognitive Skills Mental Dispositions

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This paper offers a state-of-the-art working definition for the concept of Critical Thinking (CT hereafter) in an attempt to provide a framework for the development of an operational definition for this complex concept. Having studied various definitions and models, proposed for CT by major figures in the field, the key defining features of this rich concept were identified and classified. Based on these key descriptors, a working definition consisting of three main components namely Mind Analysis , Data Evaluation , and Thinking in Education has been proposed and then each dimension of this definition is defined and elaborated further so that the complexity of the concept could be framed in an extended model. The elaborated conception of CT proposed in this paper seeks to include the core elements of CT so that it can be expandable into an operational definition with measurable items. There are two main reasons for conducting this research: Firstly, CT has evolved into a multifaceted construct with a broad range of cognitive abilities and intellectual dispositions. Secondly, although CT has been recognized as a significant concept in education, its full potential has not been achieved yet.
۱۱.

An Activity Theory Perspective on the Role of Cooperative Assessment in the Reading Comprehension of Iranian EFL Learners(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: Activity theory Cooperative assessment cooperative learning Reading Comprehension

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تعداد بازدید : 278 تعداد دانلود : 630
Reading comprehension has recently been reconceptualized in EFL reading instruction to foreground the importance of putting a social perspective on learning. Developed as a crucial aspect of Vygotskian sociocultural theory, activity theory views reading as a socially-mediated activity, for which the prerequisite cognitive processes are distributed among teacher, individual reader, other students, and artifacts (Cole & Engeström, 1993). Given that cooperation and division of labor are the central tenets of activity theory, this study aimed at investigating whether assessing cooperative learning had a decisive effect on the reading comprehension of Iranian EFL learners. To this end, 60 sophomores majoring in English translation at Islamic Azad University, Tehran Central Branch, were selected as the participants of the study. The reading instruction was geared to cooperative learning based on the elements of activity theory. Over the course of 12 weeks, both the process and products of cooperative reading were self-, peer-, and instructor-assessed. The findings indicated that assessing cooperative reading through the lens of activity theory had a significant effect on the participants’ reading comprehension. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between the products of cooperative reading in predicting the participants’ reading comprehension posttest scores. Furthermore, the results showed that the participants held favorable perception toward activity theory-based cooperative assessment. The findings are hoped to shine a light on collective reading and highlight the need for more innovative constructivist approaches to EFL reading in Iran.
۱۲.

تاثیر آموزش راهبرد-محور و فرایند-محور بر راهبردهای نگارش خودتنظیم راهبردی در مهارت نگارش فراگیران زبان انگلیسی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: راهبرد-محور فرایند-محور نگارش در زبان دوم

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هدف تحقیق حاضر مقایسه و بررسی میزان تاثیر روشهای آموزش نگارش راهبرد-محور و فرایند-محور بر راهبردهای نگارش خودتنظیم راهبردی در مهارت نگارش است. بدین منظور، 60 نفر فراگیر زبان انگلیسی در دو گروه 30 نفری با استفاده از آزمون بسندگی تافل انتخاب شدند. قبل از آموزش، تمامی فراگیران یک مقاله (پیش آزمون) در مورد نموداری نوشتند. سپس یک مربی راهبردهای نگارش خودتنظیم راهبردی را با روش نگارش راهبرد-محور به گروه آزمایش و فرایند-محور به گروه معیار طی شانزده جلسه آموزش داد. سرانجام، فراگیران همراه با یک پرسشنامه یک مقاله و پس ازدو هفته مقاله ی دیگری مانند پیش آزمون نوشتند. دو مربی با استفاده از معیار نمره ی آیلتس مقالات را ارزشیابی کردند. با استفاده از تجزیه و تحلیل واریانس مرکب (SPANOVA) مشخص شد که روش راهبرد-محور در استفاده از راهبردهای نگارش خودتنظیم راهبردی در نگارش مقاله موثرتر و از میان سه متغیر سن، جنسیت و سطح دانش، سن در ایجاد این اثر نقش مهم تری داشته است. بنابراین، آموزش راهبردهای نگارش با استفاده از روش راهبرد-محور باید بخشی از آموزش نگارش باشد.
۱۳.

Investigating English Teachers' Awareness of Pedagogical Competence and its Effect on Students' Language Learning

کلید واژه ها: English teachers Awareness of Pedagogical Competence High School Students

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The study examined the impact of high school English teachers’ awareness of pedagogical competence on student learning. A psychometric measurement instrument of English language teachers' pedagogical competence (ELTPC) was first developed through factor analysis with 320 high school teachers in Guilan, Northern Iran. Based on the developed instrument, 36 teachers were divided into two groups of aware and unaware teachers of pedagogical competence (PC) according to Contrasting Groups Method of cut score. Then, 160 high school third graders received instruction from the aware and unaware teachers for 7 weeks. Finally, a survey regarding the teachers’ implementation of pedagogical competence in classrooms was conducted with 30 students. The findings from the experiment and survey supported the teachers in aware group. Although, based on the survey results, the aware teachers were reported to act better, they were not reported as highly practicing the pedagogical competence. The findings can be practically used by schools, education administration, and teacher educators.
۱۴.

The Creation of an Intercultural Learning Experience in EFL Contexts(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: Intercultural Communication Competence EFL Contexts Cultural Response Critical thinking

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تعداد بازدید : 542 تعداد دانلود : 140
The present Study aimed to examine the efficacy of using literary texts in promoting intercultural communication competence, and intercultural awareness and understanding within language teaching contexts. The participants were 50 Iranian undergraduate students of English Literature, 20 male and 30 female, with their ages ranging from 19 to 24 engaged in reading and discussing literary texts with an emphasis on their social and cultural themes and contents. 9 English and 2 Persian short stories were the main material implemented, and these were supplemented by 6 American and 2 Iranian movies with their screenplays adopted from literary works. The themes attended to included racial discrimination, social class, gender roles, and ethnic minorities.  Based on Byram’s (1997) proposed model of Intercultural Communication Competence (ICC), five factors of the students’ ICC development, Savoir Comprendre, Savoire Etre, Savoire S’engager, Savoirs and Savoire Apprendre/Faire, were observed throughout a 14-session course. A Content analysis of students’ writing assignments and an examination of how fruitful they found the tasks and materials in enhancing their cultural understanding demonstrated a noticeable involvement of all the studied ICC factors in reading, discussing and contemplating on the literary texts and their cultural content.
۱۵.

Fostering EFL Teacher Enthusiasm through Vision Enhancement and its Relationship with Students’ Attitude and Effort

کلید واژه ها: Teacher enthusiasm Vision teacher behavior student perception attitude to language learning

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تعداد بازدید : 600 تعداد دانلود : 578
Teacher enthusiasm and its impact on students’ learning and emotions have remained unnoticed in the realm of second language learning and teaching. This study aimed at exploring the possibility of boosting language teacher enthusiasm and its potential relationship with language learners’ effort and attitude for language learning. In order to foster teacher enthusiasm, the highly novel concept of vision was utilized and a vision enhancement program was conducted to improve language teacher enthusiasm. Four EFL teachers and their 46 students participated in the research project. Two of the teachers were assigned to the six-week visionary intervention and the other two received no treatment. A Likert-scale questionnaire measuring perceived teacher enthusiasm, intended effort, and attitude to language learning was administered to all the students before and after the treatment. Results of ANCOVA revealed that those students whose teachers were subjected to vision enhancement were significantly different from the students whose teachers did not receive the treatment. Moreover, linear regression analyses demonstrated that students’ perception of teacher enthusiasm can positively predict their effort and attitude. The efficiency of visionary training for improving teacher enthusiasm gained empirical support. Besides, the findings underscore the link between teacher enthusiasm and students’ effort and attitude.
۱۶.

Iranian EFL Learners' Perception of the Efficacy of Activity Theory-based Reading Comprehension(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: Activity theory Reading Comprehension Perception Affordances

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تعداد بازدید : 577 تعداد دانلود : 743
Any language classroom is a distinctive learning context offering numerous affordances that might be perceived effectively, remain unnoticed, or even act as constraints. Therefore, exploring students' perception toward a particular method of instruction is crucial since it may produce a reliable piece of evidence for teachers to confirm or refute the effectiveness of the intended instructional activities. This study was an attempt to survey Iranian EFL learners' perception of the efficacy of activity theory-based reading comprehension. To this end, 60 students studying English translation at Islamic Azad University, Tehran Central Branch participated in the study and received the reading instruction based on the elements of activity theory, i.e., subjects, object, mediating artifacts, rules, community, and division of labor. After receiving the treatment, the students filled in two perception questionnaires and took part in a semi-structured focus group interview. The findings indicated that the students showed favorable perception toward activity theory, for which they perceived different affordances. Moreover, the results demonstrated that there was a significant difference between the students’ perception regarding the mediating elements of activity theory.  The study provides EFL teachers with new insights into the considerable benefits that activity theory might bring to reading classes.
۱۷.

Pragmalinguistic and Sociopragmatic Recognition of High and Low Level EFL Learners

کلید واژه ها: EFL language proficiency pragmalinguistic recognition sociopragmatic

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : 843 تعداد دانلود : 143
This study investigated the effects of English as foreign language (EFL) proficiency on what the authors of this study called pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic recognition of EFL learners. To elicit the data, the study used two types of pragmatic measures: a pragmalinguistic recognition (PLR) test and a sociopragmatic recognition (SPR) test. Both tests were developed by the researchers of this study based on the distinction made by Leech (1983) between pragmalinguistics and sociopragmatics. Subsequent to the development of the tests, 80 Iranian EFL students were divided into two groups based on their EFL proficiency level: the low level group (n = 41) and the high level group (n = 39). Each participant group was tested on the two pragmatic measures. Pearson correlation results indicated construct differences between PLR and SPR of speech acts. Moreover, independent samples t-test results revealed that there were developmental differences in pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic recognition of speech acts by EFL learners. The findings offer insights to EFL teachers and testers regarding pragmatic instruction and assessment.
۱۸.

Oral Pushed Output: the Route to Long-term Grammatical Accuracy(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : 639 تعداد دانلود : 174
This study investigated the impact of oral pushed output on the learning and retention of English perfect tenses. During the study, a pre-test was administered to 22 freshmen majoring in English translation. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups. Then, for six sessions both groups received explicit instructions on English perfect tenses. Every session, the experimental group recorded their oral performances on some picture description and translation tasks whose completion entailed the use of the instructed language form, while the control group merely did some conventional multiple choice tests covering the instructed structures. Following the treatment sessions, a post-test was run. Four weeks later, a delayed post-test was also administrated. Analysis of the data through repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) supported the facilitative effects of oral pushed output on the learning and retention of English perfect tenses. The finding of the study can have some implications for English Language Teaching (ELT) materials developers and practitioners.
۱۹.

The Impressibility of Speaking Accuracy/Fluency among EFL Undergraduates: A Meta-Analysis(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلید واژه ها: speaking Accuracy fluency EFL undergraduates meta-analysis

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : 193 تعداد دانلود : 47
This meta-analysis is an investigation into the impressibility of two dimensions of the speaking skill, namely accuracy and fluency, in relation to the experimented treatments among Iranian EFL undergraduates. Having surveyed a collected bank of 74 research reports, the relationships among the variables in the 14 included studies were examined. More specifically, the analysis involved a statistical review of 67 effect sizes (at 95% CI) calculated from studies conducted between 2006 and 2016, including 890 participants. The analysis indicated that in 77% of the experimented treatments, the students performed as well as the students in the regular programs with no significant improvement in oral accuracy. The analysis also demonstrated that 63% of the treatments did not yield significant improvement in oral fluency in comparison with the regular instruction. Moreover, the synthesis of the effects of the contextual factors showed that low-level (i.e., elementary) learners experienced a better improvement in speaking performance. The analysis also revealed that, among the experimented treatments, dialogic tasks were most effective on oral accuracy while interviews were influential in promoting the students’ both oral accuracy and fluency. Finally, the quality of the study reports was analyzed and some directions for further research were suggested.
۲۰.

جایگاه تفکر نقادانه در نظام آموزشی ایران(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلید واژه ها: تفکر نقادانه تفکر در سطوح عالیتر نظام آموزشی ایران آموزش و پرورش مهارت های فکری فضیلت های فکری

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : 743 تعداد دانلود : 745
در نظام های آموزشی سراسر دنیا، انگاره آموزش تفکر در سطوح عالیتر از یک سو و استفاده از مطالب درسی به عنوان ابزاری برای تفکر از سوی دیگر سبب شده تا تفکر نقادانه به عنوان یک مفهوم بنیادین و یک آرمان آموزشی مطرح شود. انجام پژوهش به منظور فهم اینکه تفکر نقادانه به عنوان آرمانی آموزشی تا چه میزان واقعیت آموزشی پیدا کرده از اهمیت بسزایی برخوردار است. این پژوهش بر آنست تا جایگاه تفکر نقادانه در نظام آموزشی ایران را مطالعه و بررسی کند. در این راستا با بهره گیری از پرسشنامه های موجود و بومی سازی آنها از 300 شرکت کننده بزرگسال دارای مدرک دیپلم تا دکتری تخصصی مصاحبه به عمل آمد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که بیشتر شرکت کنندگان آشنایی کافی با تفکر نقادانه و نقش آن در آموزش ندارند و آموزش به شیوه سنتی که متمرکز بر حفظ مطالب درسی باشد را تجربه کرده اند. تفاوت معنا داری بین رشته های مختلف یا رده های تحصیلی مختلف مشاهده نشد.

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