لاله افتخاری

The Quran, on one hand, generally affirms the current Torah and Gospel (Bible) while considering them to have deficiencies on the other hand. The verses of the Quran indicate that the Bible contain omissions and additions. This statement of the Quran aligns with the historical accounts of the Bible, and the Quran speaks in accordance with reality. That is to say, the Bible is divine, yet they have become humanized and contain deficiencies. The Quran possesses unique characteristics such as clarity, being blessed, wise, and a guardian, which elevate it above any other book and render all other books reliant on it. Accordingly, all books need to present their contents to the Quran for correction and completion. This interaction of the Quran with the Bible is similar to its interaction with Islamic narrations. Although this perspective has previously been presented by the author in articles and books, this writing employs a descriptive-analytical method with a new articulation and reasoning to substantiate this viewpoint.

The views and thoughts of Imam Khomeini indicated that his political thought is undoubtedly inspired by Shia faith and Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), i.e., the school of the Qur'an and Etrat. However, we should not ignore the impact of socio-political conditions and developments in society on their formation because using the teachings of the Qur'an and Etrat as well as Ijtihad, Shia jurisprudence can be flexible following various events and conditions of the community. The present study aimed to explain the reasons for the change and evolution of Imam Khomeini's views over time by comparing his views on the political system and the role of fuqahā (Islamic jurists) in the system building. To this aim, two important works of Imam have been studied, namely "Kashf al-Asrar," written in the early 1320s SH and "Velayat-e Faqih" introduced in the late 1340s SH. Based on the theoretical framework of Spragens’ crisis, the hypothesis of the study says that although Imam Khomeini has faced a similar crisis in each period, in his view, the severity of the crisis and, most importantly, the causes of the crisis are completely different and have led to different solutions. Consequently, Imam Khomeini considers the inefficiency of the rulers as the cause of the situation in Kashf al-Asrar, and the key is the supervision of fuqahā. But in Velayat-e-Faqih, the cause of the problem is recognized as the political system's inefficiency. The answer is to overthrow the existing system and establish an Islamic government based on Velayat-e Faqih

The theory of diffusion is one of the standard methods on the explanation of the quality of dissemination of innovations, expansion of ideas and thoughts in the area of culture. The present research is an attempt to respond to this question: Is it possible to disseminate the Islamic Revolution values and ideals through the window of Abrahamic Hajj into the world of Islam? If yes, how will be the rate and form of this dissemination? The researcher could achieve the following results in a precise and academic method. In this study, Hajj has been noticed as the route, channel and an instrument to disseminate the Islamic Revolution values, so the route of dissemination is the main topic of the study and other cases have been noticed due to their close relationships with the route of dissemination. Though this route is facing serious practical obstacles, there are potentials for the diffusion of Islamic Revolution values which are the very capacities of Hajj in different dimensions and levels, the most important of which include: epistemological capacities, potential information capacities, capacities to deepen the collective integrity of the Muslims, political, economic as well as cultural capacities. Of course in the route of dissemination, there are basic obstacles and challenges including epistemological, political, economic, cultural, and religious obstacles, as well as psychological war.