ارزیابی تاب آوری کسب و کارهای گردشگری در برابر خشکسالی دریاچه ارومیه (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای ساحلی شهرستان شبستر) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
تنوع بخشی به اقتصاد روستایی از اولویت های برنامه ریزی های جدید توسعه روستایی در ایران است. با توجه به اهمیت آن، تلاش هایی برای توسعه گردشگری و کسب و کارهای مرتبط به آن در مناطق روستایی کشور در حال انجام است. هدف کلی این پژوهش، ارزیابی تاب آوری کسب و کارهای گردشگری مناطق روستایی شهرستان شبستر در برابر خشکسالی دریاچه ارومیه است. جامعه آماری تحقیق، کلیه صاحبان کسب و کارهای مختلف مرتبط با بخش گردشگری در روستاهای ساحلی شهرستان بوده و با توجه به گستردگی جامعه آماری و بر اساس فرمول نمونه گیری کوکران، تعداد 350 نفر به عنوان حجم نمونه به روش تصادفی ساده مورد انتخاب قرار گرفتند. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که کسب و کارهای گردشگری در روستاهای مورد مطالعه ازنظر شاخص های تاب آوری در سطح مناسبی قرار ندارند. همچنین نتایج مطالعات نشان داد میزان تاب آوری کسب و کارهای مرتبط با بخش گردشگری روستاهای ساحلی شهرستان پایین تر از حد متوسط است. نتایج حاصل از یافته های میدانی نشان داد که ابعاد تاب آوری از دیدگاه روستاییان دارای میانگین های متفاوتی است، بیشترین میانگین مربوط به بعد سرمایه انسانی (2/16) و کمترین آن مربوط به بعد اقتصادی (1/22) است. همچنین سطح بندی هفت روستای مورد مطالعه بر اساس تکنیک تصمیم گیری میرکا نشان داد هریک از روستاها در سطوح متفاوتی از تاب آوری قرار داشتند که عوامل مختلفی بر تاب آوری آن ها تأثیر داشته است؛ به گونه ای که روستاهای علی بیگلو، قره تپه و کافی الملک در سطح تاب آوری متوسط و بقیه روستا هم در سطح تاب آوری کم و خیلی کم قرار داشتند.Assessing the Resilience of Tourism Businesses against the Drought of Lake Urmia (Case Study: Coastal Villages of Shabestar City)
IntroductionRural business is one of the types of businesses that nowadays, due to the reconstruction of functional patterns of many rural areas and also the design of new tourism businesses in rural areas is one of the most dynamic aspects of entrepreneurship. Activities that are formed in tourism destinations with goals such as improving livelihoods and economic well-being sound to be the best ways to deal with these risks of economic shocks and imbalances to improve their resilience. Resilience is the capacity of society to withstand risks and abnormal conditions and return to normal conditions. Considering that tourism is an important and dominant economic sector in some countries and some destinations are dependent on this sector for growth and survival, relying on this sector has put a lot of pressure on tourism managers and planners in order to protect the business and the tourism community against crises and disasters and has led to the presentation of strategic plans to deal with its possible consequences. Therefore, in an important and growing economic activity such as tourism, it is necessary to understand and recognize the dimensions of the accident and crisis and to examine strategies to stop or limit its consequences. In this regard, business resilience and resilience planning are a comprehensive approach. To realize the development of tourist communities and reduce the possibility of instability caused by the occurrence of disruptive conditions in the normal process of these businesses, the most common perspective of resilience in tourism is on the marketing of the tourism industry and the number of incoming tourists to the destination due to the rapid change of variables caused by unexpected or predictable events and its impact on the economy and tourism businesses. In fact, the resilience of tourism may pay attention to the changes in social, environmental and economic variables that make up tourism in an integrated way, but the ultimate goal of paying attention to it should be to create the resilience of businesses related to these variables against external fragile events.Materials and MethodsThe current research is applied in terms of its nature and descriptive-analytical in terms of survey-based method. The data collection tool for each item was through a questionnaire. The required variables of this research were selected using the study of reliable scientific sources and field study from the study area. In this research, the questions related to the variables of the questionnaire are set using a 5-option Likert scale from very high to very low. The unit of analysis in this research is the business owners related to the tourism sector in the rural areas around Urmia Lake in Shabestar city. In order to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, a number of 30 questionnaires were distributed in the region and the reliability coefficient of resilience was estimated at 0.87, which indicates that the mentioned questionnaire has adequate reliability. Also, based on Cochran's sampling formula, the sample size was 350 people from business owners related to the tourism sector. The data needed for the research was also collected through a simple random sampling method.Results and DiscussionThe descriptive findings of the research, based on 350 questionnaires distributed among the sample size, indicate that 319 were men and 31 were women. The highest frequency of respondents was 156 people in the category of 41-50 years, which accounted for 45% of the sample size. In terms of level of education, among the four levels of education, elementary and illiterate, under-diploma, post-diploma, bachelor and above, the highest frequency of respondents with 194 people, equal to 55%, was in the diploma level. One sample t-test was used to investigate the resilience of villages in four dimensions. The general results of the one-sided t-test for the resilience of the villages show an average of 1.68. Considering that the average observed resilience of the villages is less than 3, which corresponds to the average level of the Likert spectrum, so it can be said that the overall resilience situation in the studied villages is evaluated at a low level of resilience. According to the results of the one-sided t-test, the average of social capital dimension was 2.11, economic 1.22, human capital 2.16, and management institution 1.23. The significance level of all the indicators is lower than the test error level of 5% and the average of all dimensions are not at the optimal level and this issue is effective in reducing the resilience of the studied villages. ConclusionsThe results of the research based on the one-sided t-test indicate that the general situation of resilience is not very favorable. The general results of the one-sided t-test for the resilience status of the studied villages show an average of 1.68. Considering that the average observed resilience of the villages is less than 3, which corresponds to the average level of the Likert scale, it can be said that the overall resilience situation in the studied villages is evaluated at a very low level of resilience. Dimensions of resilience from the villagers' point of view have different averages, so that the highest average is related to the institutional and human capital (2.16) and the lowest average is related to the economic dimension (1.22). The stratification of the 7 studied villages based on Mirka's decision-making technique shows that based on the score (Q) Ali Biglo, Qara Tapeh and Kafi al-Mulk villages are at the medium resilience level, Sheikh Wali and Koushak villages are at the low resilience level and Haft Cheshme and Maraghosh Qala villages are at a very low level of resilience.
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