بررسی عملکرد طرح هادی روستایی و میزان رضایت از اجرای آن از دیدگاه روستاییان (مورد: بخش مرکزی شهرستان زاهدان) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
طرح هادی روستایی با هدف تجدید حیات و نیز هدایت روستاها در ابعاد کالبدی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی تهیه و اجرا می شود. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثرات اجرای طرح هادی بر سکونتگاه های روستایی بخش مرکزی شهرستان زاهدان واقع در جنوب شرقی ایران و میزان رضایت ساکنان روستایی از اجرای آن است. داده ها به دو صورت اسنادی (مراجعه به سازمان های مختلف) و میدانی (پرسش نامه) درزمینه سه شاخص اجتماعی، اقتصادی و کالبدی گردآوری شد. جامعه آماری، ساکنان پنج روستای بخش مرکزی شهرستان زاهدان هستند که طرح هادی در آن ها اجرا شده است. جمعیت آن ها بر اساس سرشماری سال 1395 به تعداد 2623 نفر است. حجم نمونه با روش نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده و با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 335 نفر در سال 1400 انتخاب شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از آزمون t تک نمونه ای و کروسکال والیس بهره گرفته شد. بر اساس نتایج، بعد اقتصادی با میانگین 2/71 بیشترین عملکرد را بر جای گذشته است و بعد کالبدی با میانگین 2/31 کمترین عملکرد را داشته است. به طور کلی نتایج نشان داد عملکرد طرح هادی در تمامی ابعاد در روستاهای مورد مطالعه پایین تر از حد متوسط (3) و لذا نامطلوب بوده و نتوانسته است در روستاهای بخش مرکزی زاهدان چندان مؤثر واقع شود. همچنین میزان رضایت افراد از اجرای طرح هادی روستایی در روستاهای مورد مطالعه یکسان نیست و تفاوت معناداری با هم دارند. بر اساس یافته های مطالعه، میزان رضایت ساکنان روستای سفید سنگ از عملکرد طرح هادی روستایی با میانگین 202/3 بیشترین و شه مرادآباد با میانگین رتبه ای 100 کمترین رضایت را از اجرای طرح هادی دارند.Investigating the Performance of the Rural Guide Plan and the Level of Satisfaction with Its Implementation from the Villagers' Point of View (Case Study: Central District of Zahedan Township)
IntroductionIn the villages of Zahedan Township, there is a lack of facilities and services for education, health and so on, along with inadequate rural passages and inadequate rural housing in the face of natural disasters and consequently we face increased migration from the village to the city. Accordingly, during the years, the preparation and implementation of a rural conductor plan has been proposed as one of the solutions to reduce these problems in these villages. On the one hand, despite the widespread implementation of conductor plans in recent years and its goals, its effects appear to be less than expected and limited to changes in the physical context and less so in economic and social factors. On the other hand, due to the activities carried out by the Housing Foundation of Zahedan province and city in rural areas, especially in the central part of Zahedan, no evaluation of the services provided and the strengths and the weaknesses of these plans have not been investigated. Based on this issue, the purpose of this research is to investigate the performance of the implementation of rural guidance projects in the villages of the central part of Zahedan city and to evaluate the level of satisfaction of the villagers with its implementation.Materials and MethodsThe research method in this research is based on descriptive-analytical methods with survey approach. Information about the theoretical foundations and literature of the research was collected through documentary method and field data through a questionnaire. In designing the questionnaire, the issue, research problem, research purpose and socioeconomic conditions of the study area were considered. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by university professors, Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation experts, and Zahedan Central Provincial Staff. Its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha, which was 0.84. The statistical population of the study consists of 2623 villages in the central part of Zahedan city, out of which 5 villages with conductive plan were selected and excluded from the populated villages. The method of selection of the villages under study was selective and judgmental and used criteria such as population (in terms of population) and time of project implementation (5 years or more). To estimate the sample size, 335 villagers were selected by Cochran formula with 95% confidence level and 5% error probability by simple random sampling. After data collection and processing, SPSS, EXELL and ArcGIS software were used to analyze the data in the study area using one-sample t-test and Kruskal-Wallis.Results and DiscussionAmong the economic indicators, direct and indirect employment (2.63) had the highest performance and investment components in the village and the production of production units in the village had the lowest (2.40 and 2.49, respectively). In general, the results show that all economic indicators are below average and undesirable at the target level. Among the social indicators, the components of educational facilities in the village and the reduction of rural migration with the mean of 2.62 and 2.46 had the highest performance and the components of participation in the preparation of the conductor plan and the goals of the project were in line with the villagers' expectations, respectively. They have the lowest performance with averages of 2.37 and 2.39. In general, the results show that all social indicators are below average and undesirable at the desired level. Among the physical indices, the components of absorption of infrastructure facilities and services and compliance with the technical requirements of the project in construction with the mean of 2.54 and 2.48 have the highest performance and the components of the status of the design of the water supply and disposal network, respectively. The squares have the lowest yields with the mean of 2.27 and 2.20, respectively. In general, the results show that all physical indices are below average and undesirable at the target range. One sample t-test was used to evaluate the performance of conductor design in socioeconomic and physical dimensions of the study area. Physical performance with average of 2.31 had the lowest performance. Overall average conductor design performance was lower than average among study villages and has been shown to be undesirable. The results of Kruskal-Wallis test to measure people's satisfaction in the five studied villages showed that the average of people's satisfaction in the studied villages was not the same and there were significant differences. According to the results, people's satisfaction with the performance of rural guide plan in Sefidsang village with average of 202.30 is higher than other villages. Also, the residents of Shah Moradabad village have the least satisfaction with the implementation of the rural guide plan with an average rating of 100.ConclusionsAmong the economic indicators, direct and indirect employment creation has the highest performance and the components of investment in the village and creation of productive units in the village have the lowest performance. From the social point of view of the respondent, the main effect of the conductor plan was on the components such as the existence of educational facilities in the village and the reduction of rural migration and the least impact on the components of participation in the preparation of the conductor plan and the project goals were in line with the villagers' expectations. In terms of physical impacts from the perspective of individuals, the conductor design had the greatest impact on the components such as attracting infrastructure facilities and services and observing the technical requirements of the design in construction and had the least impact on the components of the design status of the water disposal network and the layout and squares. In general, the results showed that the performance of the conductor plan in all dimensions was lower than the average in the studied villages, which indicates the dissatisfaction of the villagers.
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