ارزیابی و تبیین چارچوب شایستگی های کارآفرینانه زنان تسهیلگر روستایی (مطالعه ای در استان های همدان، قم و مرکزی) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
تحقیق حاضر با هدف ارزیابی شایستگی های کارآفرینانه زنان تسهیل گر روستایی و ارائه چارچوبی برای تبیین مجموعه شایستگی های کارآفرینانه آن ها در سه استان همدان، قم و مرکزی انجام شد. این تحقیق، نوعی تحقیق کاربردی و توصیفی- تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری تحقیق 473 نفر از زنان تسهیل گر در این سه استان بودند که بر اساس فرمول کوکران 212 نفر از آن ها به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده ها، پرسش نامه بود که روایی آن توسط متخصصین تأیید و برای ارزیابی پایایی آن از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. برای ارزیابی چارچوب شایستگی ها از تکنیک تحلیل عاملی تأییدی استفاده شد. بر مبنای نتایج تحقیق، برخورداری زنان تسهیل گر از تمامی مؤلفه های مرتبط با شایستگی های کارآفرینانه در حد متوسط تا زیاد بوده و در بین شایستگی های مورد نظر، مؤلفه های مرتبط با شایستگی اخلاقی، شایستگی شخصی و شایستگی فنی به ترتیب در اولویت های اول تا سوم قرار داشتند. نتایج تحلیل عاملی نشان داد که مؤلفه های دوازده گانه شایستگی از دقت لازم برای ارزیابی و پیش بینی شایستگی های کارآفرینانه زنان برخوردار بوده و چارچوب مورد نظر مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. در مجموع، زنان تسهیل گر از تنوع مطلوبی از شایستگی های کارآفرینانه مشتمل بر ویژگی های شخصی و اخلاقی، دانش و توانمندی های مرتبط و نیز هنجارها و نگرش های مناسب برخوردار بوده و می توان انتظار داشت توانمندی و ظرفیت لازم در زنان تسهیل گر برای ایفای نقش مؤثر در فرایند توسعه کارآفرینی و اشتغال زنان روستایی وجود داشته باشد.Assessment and Explanation the Entrepreneurial Competencies Framework of Rural Women Facilitators (A study in Hamedan, Qom and Markazi provinces)
Introduction
Entrepreneurship and new job opportunities creation are essential factors for the dynamism of rural economy, and in this context, rural women have key role in identifying and creating job opportunities and, consequently, contributing to the social economic dimensions of rural development process. Considering the importance of rural women entrepreneurship and employment, since about three decades ago, Rural Women Facilitators Plan has been implemented with focus on using the capacities of rural women facilitators in developing entrepreneurial capabilities of other rural women. The main goal of this plan was to organize rural women's groups, improving their practical and technical knowledge and helping them in creating new jobs in rural areas. Rural facilitators, in this plan, are leading women in rural communities, who are expected to be an effective interface for transmitting educational messages to the rural women community by creating effective interaction with women, and playing an important role in improving the capabilities of rural women. Based on this plans' objectives, the present study evaluated the entrepreneurial competencies among rural women facilitators in Hamedan, Qom and Markazi provinces and tried to develop a framework for entrepreneurial competencies of these facilitators that can be used by policy makers and planners of rural women's entrepreneurship development in the process of selecting, training and empowering facilitators.
Materials and Methods
Current research is an applied and descriptive-analytical survey with the focus on assessing the entrepreneurial competencies of rural women facilitators and to develop a framework for entrepreneurial competencies in Hamedan, Qom and Markazi provinces. The statistical population included all rural women facilitators in these three provinces (N=473), out of which, 212 people were selected as the study sample based on Cochran's formula. Data were collected through a questionnaire that its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. In order to examine and evaluate the entrepreneurial competencies of rural women facilitators, a twelve-fold framework of entrepreneurial competencies including strategic competency, commitment competency, conceptual competency, opportunity recognition competency, leadership and organization competency, relationship competency, learning competency, personal competency, technical competency, moral competency, social responsibility-acceptance competency and cooperation competency were used. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze and validate the proposed competencies framework with using Smart-PLS software.
Results and Discussion
Based on the results, the rural women facilitators had all the entrepreneurial competencies in a medium to high level. Among the proposed competencies, moral competency, personal competency and technical competency were in the first to third priorities and perceptual competency, opportunity recognition competency and strategic competency were assigned the lowest ranks, respectively. The results of factor analysis for the validity of the competencies framework also showed that the twelve components of competencies have the accuracy to evaluate and predict the entrepreneurial competencies of rural women facilitators. Based on the research results, it can be discussed that the set of competencies identified in this research can provide a suitable framework for explaining the entrepreneurial competencies of rural women facilitators and the competencies framework in the research was approved.
Conclusions
Based on the findings of this research in examining and evaluating the entrepreneurial competencies of rural women facilitators, it can be concluded that rural women facilitators in the investigated provinces have a favorable variety of entrepreneurial competencies including personal and moral characteristics, knowledge and related capabilities as well. Also, they have appropriate norms and attitudes for promoting women's entrepreneurship development programs in rural areas. Based on these results, we can expect rural women facilitators' capabilities and capacities play an effective role in the process of entrepreneurship development and facilitating the employment of other rural women in rural areas.
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