ارزیابی تناسب زمین برای احداث کاربری بیمارستانی: رویکرد مدل سازی یکپارچه مبتنی بر تصمیم گیری چند معیاره و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (مطالعه موردی: منطقه 2 شهر تهران) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
تعیین مکان بهینه برای احداث بیمارستان موجب افزایش رضایت شهروندان از خدمات بهداشتی و درمانی و کیفیت زندگی شان می شود. هدف پژوهش حاضر، تعیین مکان بهینه برای احداث بیمارستان در منطقه 2 کلان شهر تهران است که بدین منظور یک روش ترکیبی شامل سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی، وزن دهی سوارا و رتبه بندی کوپراس ارائه شده است. روش ارائه شده، مدل سازی مکانی و رتبه بندی بهینه مکان احداث بیمارستان را به طور یکپارچه انجام داده است و موجب افزایش دقت، سهولت پیاده سازی و کاهش پیچیدگی های معمول می شود. روش های تصمیم گیری چند معیاره سوارا و کوپراس جزو بهترین روش های تصمیم گیری هستند و در زمینه تعیین مکان بهینه بیمارستان و در ترکیب با سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی کمتر موردتوجه قرار گرفته اند. نتایج روش وزن دهی نشان دهنده آن بود که معیارهای فاصله از بیمارستان های موجود و توزیع مکانی ذرات PM2.5 به ترتیب مهم ترین و کم اهمیت ترین معیارها در فرایند تصمیم گیری تعیین مکان بهینه بیمارستان هستند. نتایج مدل سازی مکانی نشان دهنده آن بود که قسمت های جنوب غربی منطقه از پتانسیل بسیار زیادی برای احداث بیمارستان برخوردارند و به طور تقریبی 48 درصد از منطقه دارای پتانسیل احداث بیمارستان است. به عبارتی، عدالت فضایی برای شهروندان نیمی از منطقه در استفاده از خدمات درمانی بیمارستان ها برقرار نیست. نتایج رتبه بندی سایت های کاندید نشان دهنده آن بود که دو سایت 5 و 6 مناسب ترین مکان برای احداث بیمارستان جدید در منطقه 2 بوده اند. براساس نتایج تحقیق، روش وزن دهی مورداستفاده با وجود پیچیدگی اجرایی و محاسباتی بسیار کمتر نسبت به روش وزن دهی رایج فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی دقتی مشابه دارد؛ همچنین رویکرد یکپارچه مدل سازی مکانی و رتبه بندی نسبت به حالت های مستقل موجب افزایش دقت و سهولت تصمیم گیری می شود.Land Suitability Assessment for Construction of a Hospital: An Integrated Modeling Approach based on MCDM and GIS (A Case Study: The Second District of Tehran)
Determining the optimal location for the construction of the hospital will increase citizens' satisfaction with health services and increase their quality of life. The aim of the present study is to determine the optimal location for the construction of a hospital in the second district of Tehran’s metropolis. For this purpose, an integrated methodology including GIS, SWARA weighting method, and COPRAS ranking method has been presented. SWARA and COPRAS multi-criteria decision-making methods are among the best methods and have received less attention in the field of determining the optimal location of the hospital in combination with the GIS. The results of the weighting method showed that the criteria of distance to existing hospitals and the geospatial distribution of PM2.5 particles are the most and least important criteria in the decision-making process of the optimal location of the hospital, respectively. The results of geospatial modeling showed that the southwestern parts of the district have a very high potential for hospital construction and almost 48% of the region has the potential to build a hospital. In other words, there is no spatial justice for the citizens of half of the region in using the medical services of the hospitals. The results of ranking candidate sites showed that sites 5 and 6 were the most suitable places to build a new hospital in the second district. According to the research results, the weighting method used has the same accuracy as the fashionable weighting method of the analytic hierarchical process, despite the executive and computational complexity.Keywords: Optimal Hospital Location Selection, Geospatial Modeling, SWARA, COPRAS, Geographic Information Systems (GIS). IntroductionThe construction of a hospital in a suitable and optimal place by decision-makers leads to the efficient allocation of health services and paves the way for the development of spatial justice and favorable access of all citizens to health services. Determining the optimal location of a hospital can be considered and analyzed in the form of a multi-criteria decision-making problem. Multi-criteria decision-making is one of the tools used in the difficult and complex decision-making process. Complex decision-making problems usually involve evaluating a large number of alternatives based on a large number of criteria, which may be conflicting or related. On the other hand, the process of determining the optimal location and modeling of susceptible areas is a spatial decision, and spatial analysis is an indispensable component. For this reason, problems such as determining the optimal location of a hospital are usually considered in the form of spatial multi-criteria decision-making and by combining multi-criteria decision-making and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). GIS has a critical role in solving such problems; therefore, the use of multi-criteria decision-making based on GIS is increasing. The purpose of the present study is to determine the optimal location of the hospital using efficient and modern methods.The present study was conducted to determine the optimal location for the construction of a hospital in the second district of Tehran. The focus of the present study was on the application of new weighting and decision-making methods, and their combination with GIS for geospatial modeling and ranking of hospital locations. Previous research has focused mainly on weighting methods based on pairwise comparisons of experts as well as the method of the Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP). However, despite the introduction of new methods that are accurate and have less computational and implementation complexity, they are less used in geospatial decision-making processes. Therefore, the present study proposed a hybrid methodology to determine the optimal location of the hospital. This methodology includes GIS (for spatial analysis, spatial modeling, display, and management of spatial information), the new Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) weighting method (to determine the weights of criteria based on prioritization by experts and the elimination of complexity and time-consuming process of pairwise comparisons and its calculations) and complex proportional assessment of alternatives (COPRAS) multi-criteria decision-making method (in order to rank candidate sites and provide a complete evaluation of the alternatives).Materials and MethodsThe present study was conducted to determine the optimal location for the construction of a new hospital in the second district of Tehran. In order to achieve this goal, in the present study, multi-criteria decision-making methods in combination with GIS have been used. In order to reduce computational complexity, increase the quality and accuracy of decision-making, and ease of implementation, a hybrid methodology including spatial information systems and multi-criteria decision-making is proposed. The high capability of GIS has been used for spatial analysis, spatial modeling, management, and display of decision criteria. In order to determine the criteria weights, the new SWARA method has been used. SWARA determines the criteria weights based on the prioritization of experts. Although the SWARA is in the category of subjective weighting methods, it does not use the pairwise comparison matrix and has been less used in spatial research. Finally, in order to rank the candidate sites, COPRAS has been used. The COPRAS is one of the most powerful and widely used multi-criteria decision-making methods that can simultaneously use criteria that should be minimized and maximized in accordance with the decision-making goal. This method also provides a comprehensive evaluation of the alternatives. Research FindingsThe results of the weighting method showed that the criterion of distance to the existing hospitals had the highest weight. This criterion was selected by all 50 experts as one of the important criteria for determining the optimal location of the hospital. Also, the criterion of the geospatial distribution of Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has the lowest weight. The results of geospatial modeling showed that the southwestern parts of the study area have a very high potential for hospital construction and 47.75% of the study area has a relatively high, and high potential for hospital construction. In other words, 47.75% of the study area does not have proper access to the existing hospitals and there is no spatial justice for the citizens of these areas in using the medical services of hospitals. Considering the realities of the study area, the lack of hospitals, and the improper access of the citizens of the western and southwestern parts to the existing hospitals, the results of geospatial modeling are in line with the realities. The results of ranking candidate sites showed that sites No. 5 and 6 are the most suitable places to build a new hospital in the second district. Discussion of Results and ConclusionThe present study, by providing an integrated methodology of geospatial modeling and ranking, has led to accurate decision-making and reduced computational and implementation complexities. Previous research has largely not followed an integrated approach to geospatial modeling and ranking. An integrated approach by identifying potential areas prevents inappropriate alternatives from entering the ranking process and consequently reduces time and cost. Previous research has mainly used the subjective weighting methods of the AHP to determine the optimal location of the hospital. In the process of AHP, increasing the number of criteria or alternatives increases the pairwise comparison matrixes and consequently increases the decision-making time and incompatibility of the pairwise comparison matrixes (decreases accuracy). However, this method does not take into account the internal relationships between criteria and options. Regardless of the difficulty and complexity of real-world modeling with this method, repeating the pairwise comparison process if the incompatibility rate will high, adds to the problems of this method. New subjective weighting methods, such as the SWARA, are a good alternative to AHP. As can be deduced from the results of the present study, the outputs of geospatial modeling have been completely consistent with reality, and this is evidence of the high ability of the SWARA to be used in spatial decisions.
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