تأثیر ترکیبات مختلف فساد بر جذب سرمایه در کشورهای همتراز سطح توسعه ایران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
با وجودی که سرمایه به عنوان مهم ترین عامل در رشد اقتصادی کشورهای درحال توسعه از اهمیت بسیاری برای این کشورها برخوردار است و به دلیل محدودیت های موجود در جذب آن، توجه بسیاری به سرمایه گذاری خارجی نیز می شود؛ اما عوامل متعددی وجود دارد که منافع حاصل از سرمایه گذاری، به ویژه سرمایه گذاری خارجی را کاهش می دهد. ازجمله مهم ترین این عوامل، میزان فساد در کشور مقصد سرمایه است. مطالعات بسیاری نشان داده اند که فساد (با تأکید بر ادراک فساد) اثری منفی بر سرمایه گذاری در کشورها دارد. لذا به دلیل اهمیت این موضوع، به ویژه در کشورهای درحال توسعه، این مطالعه به بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر سرمایه گذاری (سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی و سرمایه گذاری داخلی بخش خصوصی) با تأکید بر شاخص ادراک فساد، کنترل فساد و برخی دیگر از متغیرهای تعدیل کننده فساد که در حکمرانی دولت ها و لذا جذب سرمایه بیشتر مؤثر هستند، با استفاده از داده های تابلویی و مدل خودرگرسیون برداری در میان 30 کشور درحال توسعه طی سال های 2005 تا 2015 پرداخته است. نتایج حاکی از آن است که ادراک فساد تأثیری بر سرمایه گذاری مستیم خارجی نداشته است؛ اما کنترل فساد اثر مثبت و معنی داری بر آن می گذارد. همچنین، هر دو شاخص ادراک فساد و کنترل فساد اثر مثبت و معنی داری را بر سرمایه گذاری داخلی بخش خصوصی داشته اند. متغیرهای آزادی اقتصادی و ثبات سیاسی نیز به عنوان برخی دیگر از متغیرهای تعدیل کننده فساد، تأثیر مثبت و معنی دار بر سرمایه گذاری داشته اند.The impact of various combinations of corruption on attracting capital in developing countries Parallel with Iran
Goal: Although capital as the most important factor in the economic growth of developing countries is of great importance for these countries, and due to the constraints on its attraction in domestic level, much attention is also given to foreign investment. But there are several factors that reduces benefits from investment, especially foreign investment. Among the most important of these factors, the rate of corruption in the country is the capital destination. Many studies have shown that corruption (with an emphasis on Corruption Perception Index) has a negative impact on investment in countries. Methodology: Therefore, due to the importance of this issue, especially in developing countries, this study examines the factors affecting investment (foreign direct investment and private investment in the private sector) with an emphasis on the Corruption Perception Index, Control of Corruption, and other modifying variables of corruption that govern governments and Hence, capital attraction is more effective. For this purpose, this study apply panel data and vector self-regression models among 30 developing countries between 2005 and 2015 and estimates combined cross-sectional and time series data. In this study to obtain information on the impact of corruption on the rate of capital appreciation in developing countries, based on theoretical foundations and past studies (including and private direct investment (FDI) and private investment (DP)), the variables of Corruption Perception Index (CPI), Control of Corruption (COC), Political Stability (PS), Inflation Rate (IN), GDP per capita (GDPPC) and economic freedom (EF) have been used. Results: The results indicate that corruption perception have no effect on foreign investment, but corruption control has a positive effect and significant effect on it. Also, both indicators of corruption perception and control of corruption have a positive effect and significant effect on private sector investment. The variables of economic freedom and political stability have also had a positive effect and significant effect on investment as other modifying variables. According to the results, the scale of the market has a positive and significant relation with the investment of the private sector. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, corruption perception did not have a significant effect on foreign direct investment. This can turn back to the point that if the return on capital covers the uncertainties of corruption, foreign investors should not worry about their investments in countries that do not have a stable political or economic system or high inflation. In other words, what matters to an investor is the positive and high rate of return on capital that is determined by the difference in the nominal return on capital and the rates of losses caused by corruption and inflation, but corruption control has a significant effect on this variable because it is often Foreign investors prefer to invest in a country whose profits are guaranteed and do not threaten their investment risk. As a result, it must be combated with economic corruption and it high-risk. If is not taken serious the fight against corruption, economic diseases is growing increasingly. While unrealistic struggle can threaten investors and lead to the destruction of the security system of investment.
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