مطالعه نقوش سفال و منسوجات دوره سامانی و آلبویه در تطبیق با هنر ساسانی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هم زمانی تاریخی حکومت سامانی و آل بویه، نوزایی فرهنگی و هنری عمده ای را سبب شد. در این دوران، سامانیان و آلبویه در آثار هنری خود از هنر ساسانی تأثیر پذیرفتند، لکن تأثیرات آن ها از جهاتی با یکدیگر متفاوت است. هدف پژوهش حاضر مطالعه شباهت ها و بیان علل تفاوت ها در تأثیر پذیری هنر سامانی و آل بویه از هنر ساسانی است. از آنجا که هنر دوره سامانی و آل بویه در تحولات هنر دوره های بعدی سهم بسزایی دارند، شناخت خصوصیات هنری حاکم بر این دوره ها در مطالعه تاریخ هنر ایران امری ضروری است. لذا در راستای اهداف پژوهش، به این پرسش اساسی پرداخته شد که دلیل اصلی تأثیرپذیری متفاوت هنر سامانی و آل بویه از هنر ساسانی چیست؟ در این راستا، شاخص ترین هنر هر دوره، یعنی سفالگری سامانی و منسوجات آل بویه با یکدیگر و نیز با نمونه های هنر ساسانی به روش ترکیبیِ تاریخی و توصیفی و با رویکرد تطبیقی مطالعه شدند. نتایج حاکی از آن است که تأثیرپذیری هنر سامانی از هنر سغدی-ساسانی و هنر آل بویه از هنر عرب-ساسانی، یکی از دلایلی است که تأثیرپذیری متفاوت این دو دوره را از هنر ساسانی منجر شده است. در عین حال تلاش این دو حکومت برای کسب مشروعیت ملی نزد توده مردم، عامل اصلی بروز تفاوت در تأثیرپذیری آن ها از هنر ساسانی است.Comparative study of pottery and textiles patterns in Al-Bouye and Samani period with Sassanid art
The conquest of Iran by the new being Arab muslims prepared the primary context of muslims impressionability from Sassanid art. In result islamic art had been influenced deeply by Sassanid art during centuries. However this impressionability was not equal in all over the islamic territories and current art in Samani and Al-bouye territories is one of its anti types. Samani and Al-bouye which respectively governed eastern and western parts of Iran, were neighbors and contemporary. They were alike somehow because of their governmental construction. Both were affected by Sassanid art but in different ways. The aim of this paper is to study of similarities and differences in impressionability of Samani and Al-Bouye pottery and textiles patterns from Sassanid art. Since the art of Samani and Al-Bouye have major impress on development of the next periods, recognizing artistic qualities of these periods is necessary in studying history of Iranian art. Due to the research objectives we examined the fundamental question that what is the main reason of different impressibility of Samani and Al-Bouye art from Sassanid art? In this regard, the most prominent art of any period, the Samani pottery and Al-Bouye textiles were studied together and with Sassanid art samples by combination method of historical and descriptive method with a comparative approach. Its data is gathered via library source and by referring to books and articles and The observation method has also been used. During the research process, geographical, historical, social, political and cultural characteristics Samani and Al-Bouye governing territory compared with each other and then the artistic aspects of two governments in impressionability of Sassanid art was studied. The results of this paper indicates that one reason of different impressibility of Samani and Al-Bouye art from Sassanid art is intermediaries such as Sogdians and the Abbasids who Sassanid influences were transferred by them. In other words Samani art and especially pottery patterns impressionability from Sogdians- Sassanid art and Al-Bouye art and especially textiles patterns from Arab-Sassanid art is one of the reasons that cause different impressibility of these two era from Sassani art. At the same time, Samanids and Al-Bouye in various fields were trying to gain national legitimacy; thus as Samanids were ruled in areas that Persian language was the original language, supported Persian language to gain national legitimacy. Examples of these efforts is using mythical and epic elements in field of art. So it distanced from imperial dimensions while was satisfied by being influenced by Sassanid seeming elements. Al-bouye ruled over the area that had not been native and the central of government is Baghdad that most of them were Arabs. However Al-bouye started to make lineage in order to gain national legitimacy to introduce themselves as Sassanid's throne inheritable so they started being to influence by imperial elements of Sassanid art in their art works. To say more accurately, Samani's and Al-bouye's efforts in gaining national legitimacy to the masses are the main reason of having differences in their impressionability from Sassanid art.
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