بررسی پدیدار شناختی سبک معماری ایرانی- اسلامی(مطالعه موردی؛ خانه عباسیان کاشان) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
معماری به مثابه هنری که تداعی گر عبودیت و توسعه بندگی است، از گذشته جایگاه وحدت و یکپارچگی و وجه تمایز فرهنگ اسلامی ایرانی بوده است. این هنر، اما، با ورود مدرنیته از آماج آن محفوظ نمانده و دستخوش تغییر های محسوس شد. پیامد معماری مدرن مبتنی بر نگرش های راسیونالیسم و پوزیتیویسم، فضاهای تهی و خالی از روح است که گرچه به مدد بالاترین امکانات علمی و فناوری موجودیت یافته، اما گویی هنوز در انتظار نفس مسیحایی است که در آنها روحی بدمد. هستی انسان در ماهیت فضایی و موجودیتش، موجودیتی در جهان و درهم تنیده با آن است؛ لذا، زیست جهان جغرافیایی به خصوص جنبه های فضایی آن، اساس زیست جهان اجتماعی است. انسان با ادراک انفسی فضا به یک «این همانی با فضا» می رسد و هویت خود را در آیینه فضای پیرامونش می بیند. باتوجه به تأثیر های فضا بر نوع ادراک انسانی و غنای معماری ایرانی اسلامی ازیک سو و تحول های مدرن معماری معاصر ایران ازسوی دیگر، مقاله حاضر با مطالعه موردی «خانه عباسیان» به منزله محیطی با عناصر متمایزکننده سبک معماری ایرانی اسلامی و به مدد روش پدیدارشناسی و شیوه های آن ازجمله بررسی اسناد، مصاحبه و مشاهده مشارکتی، ادراک بازدیدکنندگان این خانه را به مثابه کنشگران بررسی انسان شناختی کرده است. ادراک حس آرامش در خانه، ادراک حس معنویت نسبت به سقف های گنبدی، دریافت قابلیت های مکانی خانه در جهت خلوت گزینی، ابراز علاقه مندی به سبک معماری خانه و توانایی کنشگر معاصر بر رمزگشایی از اصل حجاب، نمونه هایی از نتایج تحقیق استA Phenomenological Study of Islamic Architecture in Iran Case Study: Abbasian House, Kashan
Abstract Architecture, as an art which evokes worship and devotion, has been the ground of unity and integrity and a distinguishing feature of the Iranian-Islamic culture since centuries ago. However, with the arrival of modernity, architecture underwent tangible changes. Modern architecture is based on the rationalism and positivism of empty spaces, and even though endowed with the highest scientific facilities and technologies, it is in need of a spiritual breath to be blown upon it. Human existence has a spatial nature; its essence is in the world, and intertwined with it. Therefore, the existence of the geographical life world, especially its spatial aspects, is the basis of the existence of the social life world. With an Introversive perception of space, human being comes to an “identity with space” and sees his own identity in the mirror of the surrounding space. Taking into account the effects of space on human perception and the richness of Persian architecture on one hand, and the modern developments in contemporary architecture in Iran on the other , this paper is a case study of “The Abbasian House " as a place with distinguishing elements of Iranian-Islamic architecture by means of the phenomenological method. The perception of relaxation in the house, the spiritual perception towards the domes, the perception of the spatial potentialities of solitude in the house, the expression of interest for the architectural style of the house and the ability of the contemporary (visitor) to decode the veiling principle, are among the results of this study. Keywords: Iranian Islamic architecture, The Abbasian House, the phenomenology of place A Phenomenological Study of Islamic Architecture in Iran Case Study: Abbasian House, Kashan karim khan mohammadi, Assistant professor of social science, baqir al-olum university zainab Seddighi, Student of Master degree, of proselytism and cultural communication, baqir al-olum university Horeh bozorg, Student of Master degree,of proselytism and cultural communication, baqir al-olum university Abstract Architecture, as an art which evokes worship and devotion, has been the ground of unity and integrity and a distinguishing feature of the Iranian-Islamic culture since centuries ago. However, with the arrival of modernity, architecture underwent tangible changes. Modern architecture is based on the rationalism and positivism of empty spaces, and even though endowed with the highest scientific facilities and technologies, it is in need of a spiritual breath to be blown upon it. Human existence has a spatial nature; its essence is in the world, and intertwined with it. Therefore, the existence of the geographical life world, especially its spatial aspects, is the basis of the existence of the social life world. With an Introversive perception of space, human being comes to an “identity with space” and sees his own identity in the mirror of the surrounding space. Taking into account the effects of space on human perception and the richness of Persian architecture on one hand, and the modern developments in contemporary architecture in Iran on the other , this paper is a case study of “The Abbasian House " as a place with distinguishing elements of Iranian-Islamic architecture by means of the phenomenological method. The perception of relaxation in the house, the spiritual perception towards the domes, the perception of the spatial potentialities of solitude in the house, the expression of interest for the architectural style of the house and the ability of the contemporary (visitor) to decode the veiling principle, are among the results of this study. Keywords: Iranian Islamic architecture, The Abbasian House, the phenomenology of place