بررسی مؤلفه های پسامدرن در رمان آزاده خانم و نویسنده اش نوشته ی رضا براهنی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
یکی از شاخص ترین رمان های فارسی، که بر اساس بوطیقای داستان نویسی پسامدرن خلق شده است، رمان آزاده خانم و نویسنده اش اثر رضا براهنی است. نویسنده در این رمان با بهره گیری از شگردهای پست مدرنیستی هم چون عدم انسجام، عدم قطعیّت، نفی زمان، روایت اسکیزوفرنیک، مرگ مؤلّف، چند صدایی، تناقض، پارودی، جذب خواننده با استفاده از شکل و... اثری تحوّل آفرین و تأثیرگذار در عرصه ی داستان نویسی ایران نوشته است. هدف براهنی از خلق رمان آزاده خانم و نویسنده اش نوشتن داستانی بر اساس عرف های شناخته شده ی ادبی نیست، بلکه نوشتنِ «قصه ی نوشتن» است که در مقابل خواننده نوشته می شود. این رمان اثری ساختارشکن و چند پاره است که بخش های متفاوت آن از نظر زمانی، مکانی و روایی فاقد تسلسل خطی و توالی منطقی اند. این پاره های جدا از هم موجب از بین رفتن وحدت و یکپارچگی رمان و تکه تکه شدن آن می شود. نویسندگان این مقاله برآن اند مؤلّفه های پسامدرن را در رمان آزاده خانم و نویسنده اش تحلیل و بررسی کنند.An investigation into post modernism in the novel; Azade khanom va nevisandeash
The author of the novel titled "Azadeh khanom va nevisandeash" uses the method of post-modernity literary style to write an up throwing and effective work about the Iranian novel. Some of these methods are as follows:
1- Incoherence: by jumping from one issue to another, the post-modern author destroys the reasonable coherence of various parts of the novel. Barahani in novel of Azadeh khanom va nevisandeash, changes the direction of the novel narrative from one subject to another.
2- Indeterminacy: indeterminacy is seen throughout the post-modern novels especially towards the end of the novel. Usually the author suggests different ways to end the novel and asks the reader to select one of them. Barahani also uses this method to create an open ended novel.
3- Timeless: in the postmodern novel, there is not a linear time and the character during the novel, travels from one time to another. The same pattern happens in "Azadeh khanom va nevisandeash" as the continuity of linear time is missing.
4- meta-fiction: meta-fiction is a technique that clears the methods of novel writing in order to shows its artificial content to the reader. The author in some parts of the novel of Azadeh khanom va nevisandeash, also employs such artificiality.
5- The death of the author: in the post- modern novel, the author is absence, something that provides the possibility for the reader to develop a perception of himself. This is turn creates the text in which the reader is the subject of constructing meaning. Barahani presents directly the theory of the death of the author and live of text in part of the novel of Azadeh khanom va nevisandeash.
6- Polyphonic: against the realistic novels in which the omniscient forms the fate of the characters, whereas in post- modern novels, the voice of the author is not the only voice that is heard from the text. Accordingly the polyphonic is emphasized in post modern novels. Barahani also in his the novel of Azadeh khanom va nevisandeash uses this post- modernism method. In some sections of this novel, the character is placed in front of his author.
7- Intertextuality: by intertextuality we refer to a text in which the author imports the characters of the other novels in his work and restructures them and forces the reader to a situation of doubt about the characters. In the novel of Azadeh khanom va nevisandeash, Azadeh as the main character is not in the center of the subject and is shown as a scrappy manner.
8- Parody: parody is fool imitation from the style and method of the other texts. In the state of parody, the author uses the irony to quizzes every concept in another work. Barahani also uses this model in the novel of Azadeh khanom va nevisandeash to quizzes the elements of the classic novels like plot, design and characterization.
The aim of producing such novel was not to compose a novel based on the known common literary norms. The rationale behind rather was to write the story of writing as written before the reader. This novel is a work of deconstructionism and multi – segmentation, in which different sections lack linear sequence and authors of this paper attempt to investigate the post modernism factors in this novel.
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