بررسی شاخص های کمی و کیفی مسکن در شهرستان خمینی شهر
آرشیو
چکیده
برای حل مسائل و مشکلات بخش مسکن، بررسی وضعیت شاخص های مختلف در این بخش ضروری است زیرا مستند به آن می توان اولویت اقدامات و برنامه ها را تعیین نمود. مقاله حاضر با هدف بررسی شاخص های کمی و کیفی مسکن در شهرستان خمینی شهر طی سال های 1395-1375 انجام شده است. این پژوهش به لحاظ هدف از نوع کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت و روش بررسی از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی- تحلیلی و از نظر روش گردآوری اطلاعات از نوع تحقیقات کتابخانه ای و اسنادی می باشد. شاخص های مورد بررسی این تحقیق شامل 10 شاخص کمی (تراکم نفر در واحد مسکونی، تراکم خانوار در واحد مسکونی، متوسط اتاق در واحد مسکونی، تراکم نفر در اتاق، تراکم خانوار در اتاق، اتاق برای هر خانوار، تعداد واحد مسکونی برای هر هزار نفر، تعداد اتاق برای هر هزار نفر، کمبود واحد مسکونی، نسبت افزایش خانوار به واحد مسکونی) و 4 شاخص کیفی (عمر واحد مسکونی، نسبت مسکن مناسب از لحاظ دوام ساختمان ها و مصالح آن ها، نحوه تصرف واحد مسکونی و تسهیلات و امکانات واحدهای مسکونی) است. یافته های این پژوهش نشان داد که وضعیت شاخص های کمی مسکن در شهرستان خمینی شهر مناسب بوده و در تمامی ده شاخص مورد بررسی، روند مطلوبی را طی نموده است. همچنین وضعیت مسکن این شهرستان از لحاظ شاخص های کیفی نیز در بیشتر شاخص های مورد بررسی، روند مثبتی داشته و تنها شاخص کیفی مسکن (نحوه تصرف واحدهای مسکونی) دچار نزول شده است، به گونه ای که مالکیت عرصه و اعیان (زمین و بنا) از 06/74 درصد در سال 1375 به 54/72 درصد در سال 1385 و 66/62 درصد در سال 1395 کاهش و در مقابل مالکیت رهن و استیجاری از 83/13 درصد در سال 1375 به 23/18 درصد در سال 1385 و 86/26 درصد در سال 1395 افزایش یافته است.Investigating quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing in Khomeinishahr county Isfahan
The growth of the urbanization process in the world has brought many issues and problems, including the lack of housing. In order to solve the issues and problems of the housing sector, it is necessary to examine the status of various indicators in this sector, because based on it, the priorities of actions and programs can be determined. After the need for food and clothing, housing is the most important human need, and its lack and poor quality affects all aspects of people’s lives, and its lack of provision causes many basic problems in various aspects of life. Housing is the most important element of the city, which is of great importance in the sustainable development of the city, because the development of housing, in addition to the environment, also affects the economy, culture, and social issues. Sustainable housing is considered an important matter in order to increase and improve the quality of life of the current and future generations. Scientific investigation and analysis of quantitative and qualitative issues of housing requires the use of housing indicators. Housing indicators represent the economic, social, cultural and physical conditions of settlements. Housing indicators also form the main foundation of a comprehensive plan. Today, attention to the housing sector is felt more and more in the form of national, regional and urban planning, so that the problems and problems of the citizens can be solved by using planning knowledge and techniques. . In this regard, the present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing in Khomeinishahr city in the period of 1375-1395. This research is of an applied type in terms of its purpose, and in terms of its nature and research method, it is a descriptiveanalytical research type, and in terms of its information gathering method, it is a library and documentary research type. The indicators examined in this research include 10 quantitative indicators (density of people per residential unit, density of households per residential unit, average room per residential unit, density of people per room, density of households per room, rooms per household, number of residential units per thousand people, number of rooms per thousand people, lack of residential units, ratio of increase of households to residential units) and 4 quality indicators (life of residential unit, ratio of suitable housing in terms of durability of buildings and their materials, manner of occupying residential units and facilities and facilities of residential units). The required information is mainly obtained from the results of the general population and housing censuses and the statistical yearbooks of Isfahan province.
Investigating the quantitative indicators of housing in Khomeini Shahr shows the improvement of the housing situation in all the studied indicators, so that the indicators of population density in a residential unit and household density in a residential unit are from 5.64 and 1.25, respectively. In 2015, it was improved to 3/39 and 1/04 in 2015. The average index of a room in a residential unit increased from 26.3 in 1375 to 56.3 in 1395, and the indices of density of people in a room and density of households in a room increased from 1.73 and 0.38 in 1375, respectively. It reached 0.95 and 0.29 in 2015. The room index for each household has increased from 2.61 in 1375 to 3.42 in 1395, and the indicators of the number of residential units per thousand people and the number of rooms per thousand people are 177.29 and 577.18 per year. 1375 and 295/35 and 1051/82 in 1395 also had an upward trend. Also, the housing unit shortage index has also improved, and decreased from 19.77% in 1375 to 12.21% in 1385 and 3.91% in 1395, which shows the adequate supply of housing in It has been during the last 20 years. Based on the calculations, it was found that the housing situation in Khomeini Shahr city in terms of qualitative indicators also had a favorable trend in most of the investigated indicators, and the only qualitative index that decreased was the index of the occupation of residential units. In such a way that the occupation of the arena and nobles (land and buildings) has decreased from 74.06% in 1375 to 72.54% in 1385 and 62.66% in 1395. The ratio of suitable housing or durable residential units (durability of buildings and their materials) has increased from 70.04% in 1375 to 86.26% in 1385 and 91.92% in 1395. In terms of the life index of residential units, more than 50% (53.42%) of the houses and residential units of Khomeini Shahr city have been built in the last 20 years. In terms of the index of the percentage of housing facilities, the amount of residential units benefit from electricity, piped water, piped gas and landline telephone from 94.35%, 87.68%, 25.07% and 36.09%, respectively. It has increased to 99.86%, 99.54%, 99.63% and 89.74% in 2015.
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