بررسی اثر تغییرات کاربری اراضی بر غلظت بعضی از آلاینده ها در منطقۀ صنعتی ماهشهر با استفاده از تصاویر سنجش از دور و تحلیل واریانس (ANOVA) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
آلودگی هوا یکی از مهم ترین مشکلات محیط زیستی در شهرها، به ویژه شهرهای صنعتی است که هرساله باعث بروز بیماری های قلبی عروقی و مرگ ومیر زیادی می شود. ارزیابی روند تغییرات مکانی پراکنش آلودگی هوا در مناطق دارای صنایع سنگین برای توسعه پایدار این مناطق ضروری است. با توجه به اهمیت شهرستان ماهشهر به عنوان یکی از قطب های صنعت پتروشیمی کشور، پژوهش حاضر غلظت آلاینده های NO 2 ، SO 2 ، O 3 و PM 10 در مناطق مختلف ناحیه صنعتی شهرستان ماهشهر، نقشه سازی آنها و ارتباط این آلاینده ها با کاربری های گوناگون را بررسی می کند. در این مطالعه، از تصاویر ماهواره ای سنتینل 2 مربوط به سال 1398‑1399 و نرم افزار ENVI 5.3 و روش طبقه بندی نظارت شده حداکثر احتمال به منظور طبقه بندی کاربری پوشش اراضی استفاده شده است. همچنین با استفاده از روش درون یابی KRIGING و داده های ایستگاه پایش کیفیت هوا، غلظت آلاینده های اشاره شده به صورت فصلی در سطح منطقه پهنه بندی، و از تحلیل واریانس (ANOVA) برای بررسی تفاوت میان غلظت آلاینده ها در کاربری ها و فصول مختلف سال استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین کاربری در معرض خطر، کاربری صنعتی و کمترین کاربری در معرض خطر، کاربری کشاورزی است. همچنین کمترین میزان غلظت آلاینده های مطالعه شده به ایستگاه سربندر مربوط است. نتایج تحلیل واریانس نیز نشان داد که از میان فصول مختلف سال های 1398 و 1399، پاییز و زمستان بیشترین اختلاف معنا دار را دارند. نتایج این مطالعه در بازه زمانی 1398‑1399، به شناسایی آلودگی هوا و ارتباط آن با تغییرات کاربری اراضی و همچنین کنترل و کاهش میزان غلظت آلاینده ها در منطقه مدنظر کمک می کند.Investigating the Effects of Land Changes on some Pollutants in the Mahshahr Industrial Zone using Remote Sensing and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Images
Air pollution is known as one of the most important environmental problems in cities, especially in industrial cities, which causes various cardiovascular diseases and many deaths every year. Assessing the trend of spatial variations in the distribution of air pollution in areas with heavy industry is essential for the sustainable development of these areas. Considering the importance of Mahshahr County as the largest industrial hub of the country, the present study examines the concentrations of NO 2 , SO 2 , O 3 , and PM 10 pollutants in different areas of Mahshahr industrial area, mapping and examining them in relation to different uses. In this study, Sentile 2 satellite images and ENVI 5.3 software and the supervised maximum probability classification method were used to classify land use. Also, using the KRIGING interpolation method and air quality monitoring station information, the concentrations of the mentioned pollutants were seasonally zoned in the region. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate the differences between the concentrations of pollutants in the land uses in different seasons of the year. The results of the study showed that the highest risk use was industrial use and the lowest risk use was agricultural use. Also, the lowest concentration of studied pollutants was related to the Sarbandar station. The results of ANOVA also showed that among the different seasons of 2019-2020, autumn and winter have the most significant differences. The results of this study can help identify air pollution and its relationship with land use changes, as well as control and reduce the concentration of pollutants in the study area. Introduction Air pollution is one of the major environmental and economic problems worldwide, and it is becoming more acute in industrial areas. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) have identified air pollution as a carcinogen for humans, and about 90% of people around the world breathe in polluted and toxic air every day. Awareness of the effects of different concentrations of air pollutants on the use of industrial areas is one of the basic requirements in land planning and management and sustainable development. Currently, the use of remote sensing is the best method for preparing land use maps. Given the importance of the impact of pollutants released into the atmosphere and land use, especially in industrial areas, there is a need for accurate and effective cognition in this field and researchers seek to understand the relationship between the spatial distribution of air pollutants and its relationship with land use. The present study aims at investigating the concentrations of O3, PM10, NO2, and SO2 pollutants in the industrial area of Mahshahr city and evaluating the trend of air pollution in relation to spatial and temporal changes and its possible relationship with land use. Methodology In the present study, satellite images of Sentile 2 and ENVI 5.3 software and a supervised maximum probability classification method have been used to classify land use. Also, using the KRIGING interpolation method and air quality monitoring station information, the concentrations of these pollutants were seasonally zoned in the region and analyzed by variance analysis (ANOVA). They were used to investigate the differences between the concentrations of pollutants in land uses in different seasons of the year. Discussion The results of the average concentration of pollutants studied in different seasons of the mentioned years show that the highest concentration of studied pollutants in different seasons of the mentioned years is related to the industrial area (stations 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in the region. The lowest concentration of the mentioned pollutants is related to the Sarbandar residential area (station 7). Also, the Mahshahr residential area (station 6) due to being closer to the Mahshahr special economic zone, has a higher concentration of studied pollutants than the Sarbandar area. Estuaries barren areas 1 and 2, in autumn and winter, have the highest concentration of pollution. The results also showed that the highest endangered use is industrial use and the lowest endangered use is agricultural use. Conclusion In general, it can be concluded that the highest concentration of NO2, SO2, O3, and PM10 pollutants is related to the Mahshahr Special Economic Zone station and the lowest concentration of these pollutants is related to the Sarbandar station. Mahshahr Economic Special Zone, due to the existence of several petrochemical industries located in this place and the high production and spread of these pollutants in the atmosphere, also affects other parts of the study area. Among the land uses used in this study, estuaries have higher concentrations of pollutants due to their proximity to Mahshahr Special Economic Zone and being more affected by this area with petrochemical industries. With the distance from these areas, the impact of land uses on pollutants is less and the least impact of pollutants on agricultural land use is less. Also, the results of the analysis of variance show that there is no significant difference between the concentrations of pollutants in different land use classes. The results of this study can help health authorities to identify the most polluted areas, the impact of air pollution on land use and the health of people in the area, as well as the extent of land use changes in the area. The study also helps policymakers in designing and implementing action plans to reduce concentrations of NO2, SO2, O3, and PM10 pollutants. Keywords : Land Use, Air Pollution, Analysis of Variance, Remote Sensing, Maximum Probability, Mahshahr County. References - Abbasspour, M., Javid, A., & Saeidi, S. (2014). The Impact of Urban Parks on PM10 Suspended Particles, Through Using GIS Software. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology , 16 (1), 1-12. - Akbari, E., Zangane Asadi, M. A., & Taghavi, E. (2016). 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