مقایسۀ وضعیت امنیت غذایی خانوارهای روستایی شهرستان های هریس و بستان آباد با استفاده از روش FGIS (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
طرح مسئله: امنیت غذایی به عنوان شاخص سلامتی در سطوح خانوار مطرح است و ناامنی غذایی می تواند زمینه ساز مشکلات تکاملی، سلامتی و تغذیه ای باشد. بر این اساس تعیین عوامل مرتبط با امنیت غذایی در هر جامعه ای ضروری است. امنیت غذایی ازجمله پدیده هایی است که بر تمام ابعاد اقتصادی، اجتماعی و سیاسی تأثیر می گذارد. مفهوم امنیت غذایی بسیار گسترده است و با تعامل با دامنه ای از عوامل زیست شناختی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی، کشاورزی و فیزیکی تعیین می شود. آگاهی درباره وضعیت امنیت غذایی هر منطقه می تواند برنامه ریزی در این زمینه را کارآمدتر کند. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی وضعیت امنیت غذایی در خانوارهای روستایی شهرستان های هریس و بستان آباد است. روش: این پژوهش ازنظر هدف، کاربردی و ازنظر روش شناسی، توصیفی تحلیلی است. قلمرو مکانی پژوهش نیز شهرستان های هریس و بستان آباد است. بدین منظور از 22 شاخص کشاورزی برگرفته از نتایج سرشماری عمومی کشاورزی سال 1393 برای بررسی وضعیت امنیت غذایی در مناطق روستایی محدوده مطالعه شده، و از روش آنتروپی شانون و منطق فازی (FGIS) برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها و اطلاعات استفاده شد. نتایج: یافته های پژوهش نشان داد از کل 293 منطقه روستایی مطالعه شده، 73/2 درصد روستاها (8 روستا) در وضعیت خیلی خوب، 51/7 درصد (22 روستا) در وضعیت خوب، 06/17 درصد (50 روستا) در وضعیت متوسط، 54/37 درصد (110 روستا) در وضعیت ضعیف و 15/35 درصد (103 روستا) در وضعیت خیلی ضعیف ازنظر امنیت غذایی با تأکید بر شاخص های توسعه کشاورزی قرار دارند. به طورکلی امنیت غذایی 70/72 درصد از روستاهای محدوده بررسی شده در وضعیت خطرناکی از بعد کشاورزی است و به توجه ویژه مسئولان به ویژه در زمینه توسعه پایدار بخش کشاورزی این روستاها نیاز دارد.Comparison of Food Security Situations of Rural Households in Heris and Bostanabad with Emphasis on Agricultural Indicators Using FGIS
Since food security is an indicator of health at the household and individual levels and food insecurity can be a predictor of developmental, health, and nutritional problems, it is necessary to determine its related factors in any society. It is one of the phenomena affecting all economic, social, and political dimensions. The concept of food security is very broad and is defined by the interaction of a range of biological, economic, social, agricultural, and physical factors. Understanding the food security situation of each region can make planning more efficient with more promising results. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the zone of food security in the rural areas of the two cities of Heris and Bostanabad. This was an applied research in terms of purpose and a descriptive-analytical research in terms of methodology. In this study, 22 agricultural indices derived from the results of the 2014 General Agricultural Census were used and the outputs were classified into very good, good, medium, poor, and very poor categories. The information was gained through Fuzzy Logic and Shanon Entropy methods. The research findings indicated that out of 293 rural areas studied, 8 (2.73%), 22 (7.51%), 50 (17.06%), 110 (37.54%), and 103 (35.15%) villages were in very good, good, moderate, poor, and very poor conditions, respectively. Overall, from the agricultural perspective, food security was in a dangerous situation in 72.70% of the villages in the study areas and required the officials’ special attention, especially in the area of sustainable development of agricultural sector. Introduction Food security is recognized as one of the main challenges of the 21 st century and with the ever-increasing world population, the need for food is increasing rapidly. Most of the people of the third world countries live in rural areas and improving their food security is very important. In this regard, different countries are trying to increase the food security of their societies by offering various solutions. One of the aspects of human security is food security. By expressing food security in relation to human security, we can realize the importance of the agricultural sector in providing adequate food for the society. East Azerbaijan Province is at the higher level of food security in comparison with other provinces of the country; still, we are far from global indicators. On the other hand, it seems that Heris and Bostanabad cities in this province are in lower levels of food security due to their geographical locations, climate changes, drought conditions, and specially, weak economic relations in comparison with the central cities of the province. It seems that there is a hope for the future of food security in Heris and Bostanabad cities with regard to the existing potentials for agricultural development in these regions. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to compare food security situations in the rural areas of Heris and Bostanabad cities with emphasis on agricultural indicators. Methodology The purpose of this research was to investigate the zone of food security in the rural areas of the two cities of Heris and Bostanabad in East Azerbaijan Province. Thus, this study was an applied research in terms of the purpose and a descriptive-analytical research in terms of methodology. 22 agricultural indices derived from the results of the 2014 General Agricultural Census were utilized to assess food security situations in the studied rural areas. Shanon Entropy and Fuzzy Logic methods were applied to analyze the data. Discussion The results showed that 8 villages with 5574 households and a population of 18595 people were in very good conditions; 22 villages with 4020 households and a population of 13985 people were in good conditions; 50 villages with 11454 households and a population of 39064 people were in average conditions; 110 villages with 7604 households and a population of 25825 people were in poor conditions; and 103 villages with 2255 households and a population of 7191 people in very poor conditions. The linear regression analysis revealed that all the 22 subscales significantly predicted food security at the alpha level of 0.05. Among these, greenhouse and livestock areas with the beta levels of 0.407 and 0.025 had the highest and lowest shares of food security, respectively. Furthermore, the results of the Mann–Whitney U test showed no significant differences in the villages of these two cities in terms of the indicators of number of oil planters, spice crop planters, fibrous crop planters, greenhouse crop planters, skillworm breeding, grain growers, gardens and orchards, agricultural lands, and greenhouse area. The results of this study are in line with those obtained by Tanhayi et al. (1394), Rahimi Moghaddam et al.(1394), Pakravan et al. (1399), Sheybani et al. (1399), Cauchi et al. (2021), Nicholson et al. (2021), and Amolegbe (2021) in terms of widespread risk of hunger and food insecurity in rural areas. Conclusion The research findings indicated that 89.76% of the studied villages in Heris and Bostanabad cities were in a moderate to low status in terms of food security. The government and the private sector must pay special attention to sustainable development of agriculture, industry, and so on. Also, the indices of greenhouse area and number of livestock had the highest and lowest shares in determining food security from agricultural dimension in these areas, respectively. According to the climate conditions of the studied regions in terms of limited fresh water resources, climate diversity, short agricultural season, etc., the optimal use of resources, e.g., by cultivating plants in greenhouse, which needs less water and land, is one of the country’s priorities. However, it requires more workers. By training workers, we can harvest more crops in the limited area of greenhouse. It is possible to plant and harvest crops in the greenhouse environment during all the seasons of a year. Also, when the crops are uncultivable in the open air, it is possible for the plants to grow in the greenhouse in the off-season. This way, we can produce greenhouse products with best qualities, market them, and increase food security. In the research geographical domain, the villages of Bostanabad City were in more appropriate situations in comparison with those of Heris City due to their proximities to Tabriz-Tehran communication road with more pastures and livestock, higher tourism capabilities, , and potential agricultural lands, besides having a shorter distance to Tabriz Province. In general, food security situation in the studied cities were not good due to the country’s macro-policies, economical situation, inflation, drought, water scarcity, etc. and needed special attention. Keywords : food security, agriculture, Fuzzy Logic, Heris and Bostanabad cities References - Abdul Kadir, M. Kh. (2013). Food security modelling using two stage hybrid model and fuzzy logic risk assessment . PhD Thesis, University of Warwick. - Amolegbe, K. B., Upton, J., Bageant, E., & Blom, S. (2021). Food price volatility and household food security: Evidence from Nigeria. 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Table 1: Different theoretical approaches to food security Table 2: A number of domestic and foreign studies in the field of food security Fig. 1: Research conceptual model (source: authors, 2021) Table 3: Agricultural indicators affecting food security situation Fig. 2: Research steps (authors, 2021) Fig. 2: Political and geographical locations of the study areas Table 4: Values obtained from Shannon entropy calculation Fig. 1: Weights obtained from Shannon entropy calculation (source: research findings, 2021) Fig. 3: Fuzzy layers of the studied indicators (source: research findings, 2021) Fig. 4: Fuzzy layers of the studied indices (source: research findings, 2021) Fig. 5: Fuzzy layers of the studied indices (source: research findings, 2021) Fig. 6: Final zoning of food security situations in Harris and Bostanabad counties Table 5: Calculation of the share of each indicator in determining food security in the study areas Fig. 2: Contribution of each indicator to determining food security in the study areas (source: research findings, 2021) Table 6: Number of villages located in the food security categories Table 7: Areas occupied by the classes of food security status Table 8: Comparison of food security indicators in Harris and Bostanabad villages
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