بررسی توانمندی مناطق مستعد توسعۀ ژئوتوریسم و ارائۀ الگوهای بهینۀ بازدید از ژئوسایت ها در شهرستان کامیاران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
ژئوتوریسم یکی از ارکان گردشگری است که نقش مهمی در توسعه اقتصادی و اجتماعی مناطق دارد. یکی از مناطق دارای ظرفیت زیاد برای اهداف توسعه ژئوتوریسم، مناطق کارستیک است. شهرستان کامیاران به دلیل قرار گرفتن در منطقه کارستیک، ظرفیت ژئوتوریسمی زیادی دارد. به همین دلیل در این پژوهش، وضعیت ژئوتوریسمی شهرستان کامیاران بررسی و همچنین الگوهای بهینه ژئوتوریسمی در این شهرستان ارائه شده است. در این پژوهش، به منظور دستیابی به اهداف مدنظر از اطلاعات کتابخانه ای، مصاحبه، بازدیدهای میدانی، مدل رقومی ارتفاعی 30 متر، نقشه های زمین شناسی 1:100000 و نقشه های توپوگرافی 1:50000 به مثابه داده های پژوهش استفاده شده است. نرم افزارهای ArcGIS و SPSS ابزارهای پژوهش محسوب می شوند. این پژوهش در سه مرحله انجام شده است. در مرحله اول، ژئوسایت ها شناسایی و با استفاده از مدل کوبالیکوا ارزیابی شدند. در مرحله دوم، با استفاده از مدل های منطق فازی و ANP، مناطق مستعد توسعه ژئوتوریسم شناسایی شدند. در مرحله سوم، برمبنای نتایج به دست آمده از مراحل پیشین و همچنین موقعیت ژئوسایت ها، مسیرهای بهینه بازدید از ژئوسایت ها تعریف شدند. نتایج پژوهش حاکی است که ازنظر روش کوبالیکوا، ژئوسایت های مناطق غربی شهرستان کامیاران، ازجمله دره پالنگان با 25/10 امتیاز، بیشترین امتیاز را دارند و همچنین بخش زیادی از این مناطق در پهنه های بسیار مناسب برای اهداف توسعه ژئوتوریسم واقع شده است. علاوه بر این، از بین الگوهای ارائه شده برای بازدید ژئوسایت ها، الگوی ششم که از کامیاران شروع و به دره پالنگان ختم می شود، به دلیل اینکه بخش زیادی از ژئوسایت های مستعد منطقه را دربرمی گیرد، بیشترین ارزش را دارد.Potential Assessment of Areas Prone to Geotourism Development and Providing Optimal Patterns of Visiting Geosites in Kamyaran City
Introduction The term geosite is a new concept in tourism land and is very important in understanding the geological history and historical geological evolution of a region. Geosites are landforms that have gained special value over time due to human awareness, thus creating the necessary context for the development of tourism activities and special infrastructure in an area. Geosites may exist individually or in broader perspectives. They may be altered, damaged, or even destroyed by the effects of human activities. Different regions have different potentials in terms of geosite diversity and consequently the development of geotourism depends on geological, geomorphological, and hydro-climatic factors. One of the areas that has high potential in the development of the geotourism and tourism industry is the karst areas. Kamyaran city in Kurdistan province is one of the areas located in karst formations. Kamyaran city, despite having developed karst areas, types of landscapes, rivers, and springs, has a high potential for the development of the geotourism industry and geostourism. Despite the natural conditions in the region, it seems that more attention has been paid mainly to cultural issues. Due to the importance of the issue, in this study, the geotourism situation of Kamyaran city is studied and optimal geotourism models in this city have been presented. Materials and Methods In this research, in order to achieve the desired goals, library information, interviews, field visits, the digital model height of 30 meters, geological maps 1: 100000 and topographic maps 1: 50000 have been used. ArcGIS and SPSS software are the research tools. Also in this research, the Kubalikova model has been used to evaluate geosites and fuzzy logic and ANP models have been used to identify areas prone to geotourism development. This research has been done in three stages. In the first stage, using field visits, interviews, and library studies, the geosites of the region were identified and evaluated using the Kubalikova method. In the second stage, 9 parameters (the distance from the river, landscape, urban areas, communication lines, cultural sites, distance geosites, altitude, slope as well as vulnerability potential) and fusion logic integrated model and AHP were used to identify areas prone to geotourism development in Kamyaran city. In the third stage, based on the results obtained from the previous stages and the location of geosites, appropriate models for visiting geosites were presented. Discussion of Results and Conclusions The results of the evaluation of geosites based on the Kubalikova model indicate that among the geosites of the region, Palangan valley has the highest score with a total of 10.25 points, followed by Gavoshan dam, and Tangivar River with 10 and 75 points, respectively. The results also indicate that the geosites of the western regions of Kamyaran city had the highest score in terms of the Kubalikova method. In this study, after evaluating geosites, areas prone to geotourism development have been identified. Based on the results, the southern and western parts of Kamyaran city due to the distribution of potential geosites, the presence of permanent rivers, proximity to cultural sites, and proximity to communication lines had a great potential for geotourism development goals. According to the results, Palangan and Tangivar River geosites have the highest potential for geotourism development goals because they have a high score in terms of evaluation methods and are also in classes prone to geotourism development. Also, in this study, based on the location of geosites in the study area, 6 patterns were presented for visiting and planning for geotourism development goals. The results of evaluating the scores of geosites obtained in different models indicate that the total averages percentage of scores of the visited geosites were 26.25, 33.75, 30.75, 23.25, 13, and 71.75 in the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth patterns, respectively. Keywords: Geotourism, Kubalikova, Geotourism Routes, Kamyaran City. References - Carrión Mero, P., Herrera Franco, G., Briones, J., Caldevilla, P., Domínguez-Cuesta, M. J., & Berrezueta, E. ( 2018). Geotourism and local development based on geological and mining sites utilization , Zaruma-Portovelo, Ecuador. Geosciences , 8 (6), 205. - Cheablam, O., Tansakul, P., Nantakat, B., & Pantaruk, S. (2021). Assessment of the geotourism resource potential of the Satun UNESCO global geopark, Thailand. Geoheritage , 13 (4), 1-16. - Comanescu, L., Nedelea, A., & Dobre, R. (2012). The Evaluation of Geomorphosites from the Ponoare protected area. Journal of Geography , 11 (1), 54-61. - Kubalíková, L., & Kirchner, K. (2016). 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