teacher professional development

Although decades of research have well elaborated on teacher professional development, we still do not have a thorough picture about what teacher professional development could entail and what components it consists of. The present study aims to develop and validate a teacher professional development scale in an Iranian English foreign language context. An initial tentative model with 130 items was piloted and tested through exploratory and confirmatory data analyses on a sample of 400 EFL teachers. This level resulted in the removal of 28 items in our sample loaded, resulting in a final 102 teacher professional development inventory. The developed inventory measures the extent to which EFL teachers are professionally developed and makes teachers aware of multiple characteristics of professionally developed teachers. These competencies are essential components of teacher professional development, enabling the teachers to utilize them in everyday teaching and learning practices in the classroom settings which, as a result, leads to student achievement. As teachers fulfill important professional roles, they need valid instruments to assess their day-to-day functioning in the class. With the instrument developed and validated in the current research, we, in fact, allow language teachers to assess their extent of professional development in different pedagogical contexts.

This study aimed at examining prospective EFL teachers' views about quality of online English language teaching and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) and the related skills. To this end, the viewpoints of 100 graduate students of TEFL (M = 23, F = 77) at Iran University of Science and Technology were investigated via administering two questionnaires, namely online teacher quality and frames of knowledge and skills, along with two-open ended questions to gain more insight into online teacher quality and their knowledge frames. Internet-based survey method was employed to administer the questionnaires and collect the required data. The quantitative and qualitative data obtained were analyzed through descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, respectively. With regard to online teacher quality, the results revealed that pre-service teachers agreed that an online teacher should be an organized mediator, communicator, and problem solver as well as being highly passionate, energetic, and competent in teaching. The results also indicated that having content and pedagogical knowledge, clearly organizing and structuring content, time management skills, using appropriate resources, and providing feedback and multiple opportunities for communication were the most significant knowledge types required of an online language teacher. Considering online teaching skills, effective online communication skills, effective content delivery, technological skills, and effective evaluation and assessment were the most frequent skills suggested for online language teachers. The findings of this study could give more insights into designing knowledge-based and skills-based professional development programs for prospective teachers to enhance the quality of their online teaching.

This study represents the findings of a systematic review (SR) of literature in the teacher professional development (TPD) domain to outline the research patterns through content examination of 199 research articles (RAs) in the area of TPD over the previous 40 years (1982 -2021). RAs were investigated and their research content areas, utilized research methods, data collection procedures, and findings were analyzed and coded. The broad investigation of the RAs showed a wide variety of themes that corresponded to 22 research areas. TPD program effects, TPD & technology, and TPD & Sociolinguistics were the most searched content areas. It was also found that the qualitative method with 52.26% of occurrences appeared to be the dominant research method used in RAs. Exploring data collection procedures, it was uncovered that interview, questionnaire and observation were the main data collection strategies utilized within the TPD RAs. Analyzing the findings, changes in teacher practices, attitudes and knowledge, learner achievements, and determining priorities for TPD programs were the most reported findings in TPD RAs. This corpus-driven SR underpins the notion that TPD makes a difference in altering teachers’ practices and attitudes and improves learner abilities if specific characteristics are taken into account in the planning and administration of TPD programs.

یک جماع کلی در مورد نیاز به حضور مراکزی است که کیفیت یاددهی را بهبود می بخشد. رهبری آموزشی یک فعالیت جامع است که فرصت های را برای پیشرفت حرفه ای معلم و پیشرفت تحصیلی دانش آموزان می کند. در یادداشت چگونه معلمان می روند دهی-یادگیری را بهبود بخشید، مدیریت آموزشی را از سایر مدل های رهبری در سازمان ها متمایز می کند. برنامه درسی و محیط آموزشی برای مدرسه مدرسه، برنامه درسی و محیط زیست می کنند. این پژوهش از نوع کیفی از نوع توصیفی اکتشافی بود. برای شناسایی رفتارها و رهبری آموزشی از تحلیل موضوعی و شبکه مضامین استفاده شد. به منظور جمع آوری و شناسایی موضوعات، مبانی نظری و نظرات متخصصان این حوزه با تحلیل منابع متون در سال های 1990 تا 2018 منتشر شده است که در پایگاه های اطلاعاتی منتشر شده است، و کدگذاری شده است. با توجه به تعداد منابع، از آنها بر اساس معیارهای نمونه انتخاب شدند. برای تحلیل موضوعی از تحقیق کیفی از نرم افزار MAXqda استفاده شد. یافته ها از آن است که رهبری آموزشی دارای، 25 مؤلفه و 177 رفتار است که در آن تعریف هشتم مدرسه، نظارت بر مدرسه، اقدام، رشد حرفه ای معلم، مراقبت، نظارت بر روند بعد یادی-یادگیری، رهبری توزیعی است. و مدیریت برنامه درسی برای تحلیل موضوعی از تحقیق کیفی از نرم افزار MAXqda استفاده شد. یافته ها از آن است که رهبری آموزشی دارای، 25 مؤلفه و 177 رفتار است که در آن تعریف هشتم مدرسه، نظارت بر مدرسه، اقدام، رشد حرفه ای معلم، مراقبت، نظارت بر روند بعد یادی-یادگیری، رهبری توزیعی است. و مدیریت برنامه درسی برای تحلیل موضوعی از تحقیق کیفی از نرم افزار MAXqda استفاده شد. یافته ها از آن است که رهبری آموزشی دارای، 25 مؤلفه و 177 رفتار است که در آن تعبیر مدرسه، نظارت بر مدرسه هشت، اقدام، رشد حرفه ای معلم، مراقبت، نظارت بر روند بعد یادی-یادگیری، رهبری مدیریتی است. و مدیریت برنامه درسی

Adaptive teaching addresses students’ diversity and their immediate learning needs. Particularly, in the high-interactive context of English teaching, fostering adaptive teaching in teacher professional development programs not only stimulates teacher change at the micro level, but also facilitates implementing the organizational and curricular innovations imposed by authorities at the macro level. The current English teaching literature lacks a measure for evaluating and fostering adaptive teaching within higher education. Hence, within the present study, the Interconnected Model of Teacher Professional Growth (IMTPG) was adapted and validated as a measure for evaluating and fostering teacher adaptability for 183 international English teachers in higher education. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was employed for validating two different enactment and reflection links in the original IMTPG, and the final adapted IMTPG for adaptive teaching (At-IMTPG) was proposed. The AT-IMTPG can be applied for evaluating how adaptive English teachers are, seeking to resolve the problem of implementing educational innovations by English teachers in higher education. It can also be used to design teacher professional growth programs for fostering adaptive teaching within English teaching higher education. Such a change in the classroom level is hoped to be translated into an educational change in English teaching higher education.

Motivated by the growing significance of research on language teacher emotion regulation, the present study investigated the contributions of an online asynchronous teacher education initiative to L2 teachers’ emotion regulation. Drawing on Gross’ (1998, 2015) model of emotion regulation, the data gathered from interviews with four teachers prior to and after the course, their reflective narratives, online discussions, and class observations were qualitatively analyzed. The analyses pointed to the microgenetic development of teachers in terms of the incremental learning and application of the course content (i.e., emotion regulation) to their instructional practice. In other words, the participants incrementally drew on the learned strategies to up/down-regulate their emotions as English teachers. Additionally, the participant teachers tended to articulate their thoughts via reflective narratives by adopting the professional discourse, further implying the participant teachers’ access to their cognitions.