مطالب

Purpose: It has been well established that personality traits and self-compassion are associated with psychological well-being, thus, the current research aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms in a collectivist culture. Methodology: The present study was a descriptive correlational one in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection. Quantitative research approach was used. Male and female University students of Ahvaz Farhangian University were considered as a studies population. For the purpose of the research, 150 students were selected as a sample using voluntary-available sampling method. for measurement Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale, the NEO Personality Inventory, and Neff's Self-Compassion Scale. Findings: The results of correlation analysis showed that there were significant relationships between the personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) and self-compassion (self-kindness, isolation, mindfulness, and the total score of self-compassion) with psychological well-being. The regression analysis showed that neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness significantly predicted psychological well-being. Discussion: The current research was one of the first Iranian studies which addressed to the issues with a cultural point of view. Also, this research tried to direct attention to other social factors influencing gender differences (e.g., traditional socialization) as well which are not discussed in other similar studies. The cultural implications and future orientations have been discussed.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the sociological components of human development in male and female employees of Maskan Bank. Methodology: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection method and in terms of purpose, it was applied and in terms of quantitative method, it was retrospective in terms of time horizon. The population of Maskan Bank was statistical population (12300) throughout the country and the Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size of the population, based on which the sample size was 372. Size-proportional stratified sampling with one-fifth sample ratio used. For the first time, the country was divided according to the provinces (31 provinces) and then according to the sample size 372 employees were selected as sample according to the total number of employees in the housing banks of each province. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and analysis of variance for gender differences between the two groups of men and women. Human Development Index Questionnaire was used to measure the research variables. Findings: The results of Pearson correlation test, Mann-Whitney test and analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between men and women in terms of variables of education, quality of life and health and human development. The results also showed that men's mean scores on all variables of education, quality of life, health and human development were in favor of men. So men are in a better position than any woman in the housing bank for all indicators. Conclusion: The increasing presence of women in the executive and employment market and their remarkable success in university examinations has given the Iranian society a different picture and it seems that the process of social change continues to promote the role of women. Going forward.

Introduction: This study aimed to provide a model in order to educate professional citizens through knowledge-oriented era of Iran's education system. Methodology: The statistical population of the research consisted of all female and male principals and deputies of governmental elementary schools within cities of Tehran province (N = 11382). The sample size estimated to be 362 people based on the Cochran formula. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on a 5-point scale. Findings: Data analysis was performed by Cronbach's alpha test, Average Extracted Variance (AVE), Square root of AVE, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Friedman ranking test. Reviewing the research literature for understanding the complexity and extent of theoretical and practical domain of the research in training professional citizenship, and also reviewing the models, theories, and the study components, a global model of educating professional citizens was developed including the components of philosophy, goals, Perceptual framework, procedure of implementation, and system of evaluation and engineering. A survey was conducted through 30 experts of this field in order to determine the degree of quality of the proposed model for presenting the final model through an evaluation questionnaire including the philosophy and objectives of the model, the theoretical foundations, dimensions, components, indices, and mechanisms for educating a professional citizen in the knowledge-oriented era of Iran’s education system. In addition, this questionnaire was confirmed with a scale of 4.64 out of 5. Conclusion: Using this model, the country's education and training system can provide knowledgeable, committed, skilled, and professional citizens for society, knowledge economy and knowledge management in response to the third millennium generation.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the Effectiveness of Motor Skills Training on Improve the Ability to Fitter in University of Applied Science Students. Methodology: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study was all students of Applied Academic University (a subset of the motor skills industry sector) in Tehran during the academic year 2017. 60 non-random sampling methods were selected. Thirty of those in the experimental group were students who had high grades in the courses and the control group of 30 were randomly selected with high and moderate scores. The experimental group consisted of 9 sessions under Pede and Pegboard training with the proposed model, and the control group remained on the list. Data collection was performed on the basis of Purdapog board test. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-23 software in two sections: descriptive and inferential (covariance analysis). Findings: The results showed that the motor skills training model was able to increase the agility of dominant, non-dominant hand agility, as well as the experimental group assembly compared to the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: Implementation of the proposed model of motor skills training can improve students' assembly ability.

Purpose: Today, countries around the world have come to realize that a wide range of skills, thinking skills and basic skills are needed to prepare students for an unpredictable future. To achieve this, learners must expand their awareness of themselves as thinkers and learners, practice strategies for effective thinking, and develop the thinking skills they need throughout their lives, because thinking and thinking are at the beginning of any Production and construction in the human world. The new education is trying to provide children with the necessary curriculum preparation through the various curricula. Teaching philosophy to children is one of the ways that has been considered in recent years for thinking and reasoning. Methodology: The purpose of this study was fundamental and in terms of data collection, it was a descriptive survey and it was a qualitative research in terms of content analysis and foundation data method. All elementary school students in the city of Sari were the community of research experts who had at least one elementary school teacher. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 people using snowball sampling. Findings: The results of the content analysis and dimensional data analysis method showed that teaching philosophy included teaching how to think, teaching to ask, how to ask. Emphasis on the rightness of thought, on right thinking, on the transfer of philosophical thoughts to learners. Conclusion: Involving children in teaching philosophy has both cognitive effects and increased self-esteem, self-efficacy, social intelligence, emotional intelligence and perhaps transferable skills. It is effective in reducing anxiety, enhancing positive behaviors in the classroom, promoting positive self-concept, cultivating emotional adjustment, and reducing irrational thinking

Purpose: The present study was designed and validated the Entrepreneurial Skills Model in Saze Gostar Saipa Industrial Company. Methodology: The research method was purpose-based, applied-fundamental; in terms of data type, mixed (qualitative-quantitative), of exploratory type; it was survey-based on data collection method. Statistical population in the qualitative section was academic and industrial experts including senior managers of Sazeh Gostar Saipa Industrial Company. The statistical population in the quantitative part of the study included all employees of Saze Gostar Saipa Industrial Company. Using Cochran formula, 309 persons were selected using multi-stage sampling. In this research, library method, semi-structured interview (qualitative section) and researcher-made questionnaire (quantitative section) were used for data collection. Content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data of the research and in the quantitative part descriptive and inferential statistical methods (structural equation modeling, exploratory factor analysis and single sample t-test) were used. Findings: The findings showed that entrepreneurial skills include technical, managerial, interpersonal, interpersonal, applied and critical thinking skills. The model presented in the present study was also well-fitted. Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, it can be acknowledged that in order to acquire entrepreneurial skills in Saze Gostar Saipa Industrial Company, it is necessary to pay attention to the technical, communication and thinking skills of the employees and to train them.

The developments in the contemporary world, particularly the revolutions, coups and wars, have led to development of many theories about social movements. One of the methods used in social movements to bring about sociopolitical change is nonviolence. Nonviolent method of struggle was theorized by Gene Sharp, who collected and introduced 198 methods of nonviolent actions, protest and persuasion. The present paper is an attempt to study Imam Khomeini’s approach to political struggle against the Shah’s regime. The focus of this paper is analysis of methods used by Imam Khomeini in his struggles until the victory of the Islamic Revolution. The main question of this paper is: What was Imam Khomeini’s approach to violence and nonviolence in his political struggles against the Shah’s regime? The hypothesis formulated based on the above question is as follows: In Imam Khomeini’s approach, ends do not justify the means, hence, he used many nonviolent methods and did not preach or use violence in the course of his struggles. Documental method has been employed for the purpose of this research. The Findings of this paper indicate that Imam Khomeini’s approach to political struggle was nonviolent and based on Islamic teachings, mainly employing "persuasion" and "nonviolent protests." The findings also indicate that these techniques are among the 198 techniques collected by Gene Sharp.

Introduction: This study aimed to review the literature on the role of body composition as arisk factor for injury in an athletic population.Materials and Methods: We searched articles in English in Google Scholar Science direct,PubMed, WOS, Scopus, ProQuest, and Cochrane Library databases without time limit until2020 using keywords related to "body composition" and "sports injury".Results: Considering criteria including inclusion and exclusion, 10 papers out of 1322 studieswere comprehensively reviewed. It was found that body composition components are relatedto musculoskeletal injuries in the athletic population. Body mass index, weight and bonedensity are known as risk factors in the development of sports injuries.Conclusion: This systematic review provides preliminary evidence of the relationship between body composition and prediction of injury in athletes. Defects in various aspects ofbody composition were recognized as potential risk factors for lower extremity injuries.Likewise, body composition should be considered when screening athletes.

Introduction: This study was conducted to control hand tremors and decrease adverse effects due to the high field intensity in advanced Parkinson’s disease. We aimed at concurrently controlling two areas of Basal Ganglia (BG) in a closed-loop strategy.Methods: In the present research, two nuclei of BG, namely subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus internal were simultaneously controlled. Furthermore, to enhance the feasibility of the suggested control strategy, the coefficients of the controller were determined using a hybrid version of the harmony search and cuckoo optimization algorithm. Results: The advantages of the applied method include decreasing hand tremors and applied electric field intensity to the brain; consequently, it leads to reducing adverse effects, such as muscle contraction and speech disorders. Moreover, the purposed controller has achieved superior performance against changing the parameters of the model (robustness analysis) and under noise tests, compared to other conventional controllers, such as Proportional Integrator (PI) and Proportional Derivative (PD).Conclusion: The employed approach provided an effective strategy to reduce hand tremors. It also decreased the delivered high field intensity to the brain; consequently, it reduced adverse effects, such as memory loss and speech disorders. It is important to ascertain the superior performance of the suggested closed-loop control scheme in different conditions and levels of tremor. Such a function was examined in terms of robustness against the variation of parameters and uncertainties. We also obtained time domain outcomes, i.e., compared with the state-of-the-art approaches.